A patient has lost more than 10% of their body weight without trying over the last few months and has a low BMI. What is the most appropriate action?
AWeigh the patient again in six months and review at that point
BRefer to the dietitian and start a nutrition care plan with food charts
CEncourage a low-calorie diet
DRestrict fluids to encourage appetite and give a low-protein diet instead
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
勤務の始めに、病棟看護師が最初に評価すべき患者は?
A慢性腰痛で痛みが 4/10 の患者
B下剤を求めている患者
C新たに混乱が出現し、呼吸数が 28 回/分の患者
Dバイタルサインが安定していて退院を待っている患者
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient has a hot, swollen big toe. The serum uric acid is normal. Which statement is correct?
AGout is certain, as a normal urate proves the diagnosis
BGout is still possible, as urate can be normal in an attack
CGout can only be diagnosed with a CT scan of the foot
DGout is ruled out, as uric acid is always high in an attack
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient on IV gentamicin has a trough level above the target, and the creatinine has risen since yesterday. The next dose is due. What is the best action?
AGive half of the dose and document the reason for it
BGive the dose now and recheck the levels next week
CHold the dose and report the results to the prescriber
DGive the dose with extra oral fluids to protect the kidneys
答え: D · Regular forced vital capacity measurements
これが答えになる理由
In Guillain–Barré syndrome, the breathing muscles weaken progressively. A falling vital capacity shows this early, long before oxygen saturation drops. A weak cough and difficulty counting in one breath are other warning signs.
答え
D · Regular forced vital capacity measurements
4.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · A patient with a potassium of 6.8 mmol/L who reports palpitations
これが答えになる理由
Severe hyperkalaemia with palpitations may lead to life-threatening arrhythmias and needs an urgent ECG, cardiac monitoring and treatment. The other problems are stable or less urgent.
答え
A · A patient with a potassium of 6.8 mmol/L who reports palpitations
答え: B · Refer to the dietitian and start a nutrition care plan with food charts
これが答えになる理由
Large unplanned weight loss with a low BMI means high malnutrition risk. Management includes dietitian referral, food and fluid charts, support with eating and regular weighing.
答え
B · Refer to the dietitian and start a nutrition care plan with food charts
答え: B · Gout is still possible, as urate can be normal in an attack
これが答えになる理由
Serum urate can be normal or even low during an acute gout attack. The definitive test is joint aspiration showing needle-shaped urate crystals, which also helps rule out septic arthritis.
答え
B · Gout is still possible, as urate can be normal in an attack
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Hold the dose and report the results to the prescriber
これが答えになる理由
A high aminoglycoside trough with rising creatinine means the drug is accumulating, which increases the risk of kidney damage and hearing loss. The nurse holds the dose, reports to the prescriber and asks about hearing changes and tinnitus. Only the prescriber or pharmacist changes the regimen.
答え
C · Hold the dose and report the results to the prescriber
A drowsy patient who vomits can aspirate. Turning them to the side lets vomit drain from the mouth; suction and a prescribed antiemetic follow.
答え
D · Turn the patient onto their side
16.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · A brain scan to rule out bleeding
これが答えになる理由
Thrombolytics dissolve clots and would worsen a hemorrhagic stroke. A brain CT (or MRI) is needed first to rule out bleeding, and it must be done quickly.