The monitor shows a regular broad-complex tachycardia at 180/min. The patient is alert with BP 126/78 mmHg and no chest pain. What is the most appropriate plan?
AStart chest compressions straight away and give a dose of IV adrenaline
BRecord a 12-lead ECG, call senior help and anticipate an antiarrhythmic
CReassure the patient, as this is a normal rhythm
DDeliver an unsynchronised shock immediately, before any other assessment
3.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient has acute low back pain with no red flags. Which advice is most appropriate?
AStay in bed for two weeks until the pain is gone
BAvoid all movement until an MRI scan has been done
CStay as active as possible and use simple pain relief
DWear a rigid back brace all day and night for at least three months
4.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
Which task can the registered nurse delegate to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?
AChecking pre-meal glucose and reporting results out of range
BTeaching a new patient how to inject insulin
CDeciding the dose of correction insulin from the glucose result
DAssessing a confused patient whose glucose is 2.6 mmol/L (47 mg/dL)
5.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
術後イレウスの一因となりうる電解質異常はどれですか?
A高ナトリウム血症
B高カリウム血症
C高リン血症
D低カリウム血症
6.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient going home between chemotherapy cycles. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I'll keep the emergency number and call if I feel shivery."
B"I'll check my temperature whenever I feel hot, shivery or unwell."
C"If I get a fever, I'll take paracetamol and see if it settles."
D"I'll wash my hands often and avoid people with infections."
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A rising serum creatinine most often indicates:
AIncreased muscle strength
BImproved liver function
CReduced kidney function
DDehydration of the skin only
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient faints during cannulation, with a slow pulse and pallor, and recovers quickly when laid flat. There is no rash, wheeze or swelling. What is most likely?
AAnaphylaxis
BA stroke
CVasovagal syncope
DA hypoglycaemic coma
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
2 日間嘔吐が続いている患者の BUN が 32 mg/dL(尿素 11.4 mmol/L)で、クレアチニンは正常です。最も考えられる原因はどれですか?
A脱水
B肝不全
C水分過剰
D低蛋白食
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
Which set of results most strongly suggests hemolytic anemia?
答え: B · Record a 12-lead ECG, call senior help and anticipate an antiarrhythmic
これが答えになる理由
A broad-complex tachycardia is treated as ventricular tachycardia until proven otherwise. With a pulse and no adverse features (shock, syncope, chest pain or heart failure), a 12-lead ECG, electrolyte correction and drug treatment such as amiodarone are used, with expert help. Unstable patients need synchronised cardioversion; pulseless VT is defibrillated.
答え
B · Record a 12-lead ECG, call senior help and anticipate an antiarrhythmic
3.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Stay as active as possible and use simple pain relief
これが答えになる理由
Most acute low back pain improves within weeks. Staying active, simple analgesia and gradual return to normal activities help recovery. Imaging is usually not needed without red flags.
答え
C · Stay as active as possible and use simple pain relief
4.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Checking pre-meal glucose and reporting results out of range
これが答えになる理由
Trained assistants can measure and record glucose and report abnormal results. Dose decisions, teaching and the assessment of an unstable patient need the registered nurse.
答え
A · Checking pre-meal glucose and reporting results out of range
答え: C · "If I get a fever, I'll take paracetamol and see if it settles."
これが答えになる理由
Fever or feeling unwell during the nadir may mean neutropenic sepsis, which needs urgent assessment and antibiotics within an hour. Patients must call the emergency line straight away, not wait at home.
答え
C · "If I get a fever, I'll take paracetamol and see if it settles."
7.臨床看護学
答え: C · Reduced kidney function
これが答えになる理由
Creatinine is a muscle waste product filtered by the kidneys. A rise shows the glomerular filtration rate is falling, as in acute kidney injury.
答え
C · Reduced kidney function
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · Vasovagal syncope
これが答えになる理由
Vasovagal syncope is a reflex drop in heart rate and blood pressure triggered by pain, fear or needles. Anaphylaxis would usually include skin, airway or breathing features and a fast pulse.
答え: C · Low hemoglobin, high reticulocytes, high unconjugated bilirubin, high LDH
これが答えになる理由
When red cells break down early, hemoglobin is turned into unconjugated bilirubin and LDH is released, while the marrow increases reticulocytes. Option B fits iron deficiency, C fits B12 deficiency and D fits marrow failure.確認に用いた資料:Hemolytic anemia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Reticulocyte Count · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024); Bilirubin Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
C · Low hemoglobin, high reticulocytes, high unconjugated bilirubin, high LDH
答え: A · Give another serving of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck in 15 minutes
これが答えになる理由
If the glucose is still below the hypoglycemia threshold after treatment (70 mg/dL in US guidance, 4.0 mmol/L in UK guidance), the fast-acting carbohydrate is repeated and the glucose rechecked. Once it is normal, a snack or meal helps keep it stable.
答え
A · Give another serving of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck in 15 minutes