内科外科看護：直前対策パック

Why is a higher level of HDL cholesterol considered protective?

1. AHDL carries cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver
2. BHDL lowers the blood pressure directly
3. CHDL thins the blood in the same way as an anticoagulant
4. DHDL is converted into vitamin D in the walls of the arteries

After four days of antibiotics for pneumonia, a patient still has fever and pleuritic pain. There is dullness and reduced breath sounds at the right base. What complication should be suspected?

1. AA parapneumonic effusion or empyema
2. BAsthma triggered by the infection
3. CNormal recovery from pneumonia
4. DAn allergic reaction to the antibiotic

Before checking a capillary glucose, why should the patient wash their hands with soap and water?

1. AWashing prevents all infection from the lancet
2. BWashing lowers the glucose in the blood
3. CSugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
4. DSoap makes the blood flow faster from the finger

A patient on levothyroxine has palpitations, weight loss and poor sleep. TSH is suppressed, and free T4 is high. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe thyroid has stopped working
2. BA normal response to the drug
3. CThe dose is too high
4. DThe dose is too low

Which advice helps a person with diabetes prevent foot ulcers?

1. ASoak the feet in very hot water every evening
2. BCheck the feet every day and never walk barefoot
3. CWear tight shoes to support the ankles
4. DCut corns off at home with a sharp blade

A patient taking oral capecitabine reports red, painful, peeling palms and soles. What should the nurse do?

1. AReassure that it is a sign of an unrelated allergy to washing powder
2. BAdvise hot soaks for the hands and feet
3. CReport it; this is hand-foot syndrome and treatment may need changing
4. DTell the patient to take a double dose next time

What should the nurse regularly check for a patient with a syringe driver?

1. AThe infusion site, the rate and volume remaining, and the patient's symptoms
2. BNothing, once the syringe driver is running
3. COnly the patient's weight, measured once a week on the same scales
4. DOnly that the battery is charged and the device is switched on

中心静脈カテーテルのある患者が、座った姿勢でラインを外している最中に突然息苦しくなり、低血圧になりました。最も考えられる合併症は？

1. A空気塞栓
2. B低血糖
3. C静脈炎
4. D肺炎

A patient with suspected pulmonary TB needs sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli. Which instruction is correct?

1. AGive several samples of nasal mucus blown into a tissue
2. BGive several deep-cough samples, often first thing in the morning
3. CGive one sample of saliva collected from the mouth at any time of day
4. DGive one sample after brushing with mouthwash so it is clean

The nurse teaches a patient about the HbA1c test. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"A lower result means less risk of damage to my eyes and kidneys"
2. B"My daily finger-stick readings still matter between the tests"
3. C"I must not eat anything for 12 hours before the HbA1c test"
4. D"The test shows my average glucose over the past few months"

練習用の血液ガスは、HCO₃⁻ 12 mmol/L の代謝性アシドーシスを示しています。ウィンターの式を使って、期待される PaCO₂（範囲の中心）を mmHg で求めてください。

練習用の血液ガスは代謝性アシドーシスを示しています：pH は 7.08、PaCO₂ は 28 mmHg (3.7 kPa)、HCO₃⁻ は 8 mmol/L です。測定した PaCO₂ をウィンターの式と比べてください。あなたの解釈をクリックしてください。

1. 1適切な代償
2. 2呼吸性アシドーシスの合併
3. 3呼吸性アルカローシスの合併

この II 誘導の波形は、休止が 1 回ある洞調律です。休止をまたぐ R–R 間隔 休止 を秒単位で測ってください。

このII誘導のストリップは、心房と心室の間の伝導の問題を示しています。どのリズムですか。答えをクリックしてください。

1. 1第3度（完全）房室ブロック
2. 2第1度房室ブロック
3. 3第2度房室ブロック I型（ウェンケバッハ型）
4. 4接合部調律

転倒予防の対応が必要な患者について、看護師が看護助手に委任すべき業務はどれですか？

1. A計画どおり、2 時間ごとに患者をトイレに連れて行く
2. Bベッドアラームがまだ必要かどうかを判断する
3. C家庭での転倒予防の方法を家族に指導する
4. D毎朝、患者の転倒リスクスコアをアセスメントして記録する

A day after a femur fracture, a young patient becomes confused and breathless, with small red spots on the chest. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AAlcohol withdrawal
2. BAn allergic reaction to the cast
3. CNormal pain after a fracture
4. DFat embolism syndrome