A nasogastric feeding tube appears blocked. What is usually the first step?
APush the guidewire back in to clear it
BCut the end of the tube to release the blockage inside it
CFlush gently with warm water in a 50 mL enteral syringe
DUse a small 5 mL syringe with firm pressure
6.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
An immobile patient on opioids drinks very little. Which laxative choice is least appropriate?
AAn osmotic laxative such as a macrogol
BA stimulant laxative taken regularly
CA stool softener with a stimulant laxative
DA bulk-forming laxative used on its own
7.臨床看護学ふつう
MRSA の保菌者が入院しました。適切な予防策は?
A手袋、エプロン、確実な手指衛生による接触予防策
B陰圧室で 6 か月間隔離する
C保菌であれば予防策は不要
D全スタッフが FFP3 レスピレーターマスクを着用する空気感染予防策
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with hyperkalaemia is given IV insulin with glucose. What is the purpose, and what must be monitored?
ATo treat hidden diabetes; HbA1c must be checked daily
BTo remove potassium from the body; urine output must be stopped for a time
CTo shift potassium into cells; blood glucose must be monitored for hypoglycaemia
DTo protect the heart muscle directly; the patient must be kept nil by mouth
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient receives repeated nebulized albuterol (salbutamol) for severe asthma. Which laboratory change should the nurse watch for?
AA fall in serum potassium
BA rise in serum calcium
CA rise in serum sodium
DA fall in blood glucose
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A frail older adult in a nursing home has been drinking very little during a heat wave. She is confused, and her sodium is 158 mEq/L. Which treatment would the nurse expect?
ARapid infusion of 3% saline to raise the volume
BGradual replacement of free water over many hours
CA loop diuretic to remove the extra sodium quickly
A patient arrives in the recovery room after general anesthesia. What does the nurse assess first?
AAirway patency and breathing
BThe surgical dressing and the drains
CThe pain score
DUrine output
16.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Four laboratory results come back at once. Which one should the nurse report first?
ACreatinine 1.3 mg/dL in an older adult, unchanged from last week
BGlucose 180 mg/dL after a meal in a patient with diabetes
CPotassium 3.4 mEq/L in a patient on a diuretic
DHemoglobin 6.5 g/dL (65 g/L) in a patient with a GI bleed
3溶液
1.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · A previous haemorrhagic stroke
これが答えになる理由
Absolute contraindications include any previous intracranial haemorrhage, recent ischaemic stroke, active internal bleeding, suspected aortic dissection and recent major trauma or surgery. Thrombolysis is used when primary PCI cannot be delivered in time.
答え: B · Use glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often
これが答えになる理由
Non-drug measures are the mainstay of delirium care: glasses and hearing aids, clocks and calendars, familiar faces, good sleep, hydration, mobility and treating the cause. Restraints and frequent moves make delirium worse.
答え
B · Use glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often
答え: C · Flush gently with warm water in a 50 mL enteral syringe
これが答えになる理由
Gentle flushing with warm water using a 50 mL enteral syringe may clear a blockage. Small syringes and force can rupture the tube, and reinserting a guidewire can perforate the oesophagus.
答え
C · Flush gently with warm water in a 50 mL enteral syringe
6.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · A bulk-forming laxative used on its own
これが答えになる理由
Bulk-forming laxatives need good fluid intake and mobility and can worsen constipation or cause obstruction without them. They do not counter the effect of opioids on gut movement, so stimulant or osmotic laxatives are preferred.
答え: C · To shift potassium into cells; blood glucose must be monitored for hypoglycaemia
これが答えになる理由
Insulin drives potassium into cells, temporarily lowering serum levels. Glucose is given to prevent hypoglycaemia, but glucose monitoring is still needed for several hours.
答え
C · To shift potassium into cells; blood glucose must be monitored for hypoglycaemia
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · A fall in serum potassium
これが答えになる理由
Beta-2 agonists push potassium into cells and can cause hypokalemia, especially at high doses; they also raise blood glucose. For this reason nebulized albuterol is sometimes used as an extra treatment for hyperkalemia.
答え
A · A fall in serum potassium
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Gradual replacement of free water over many hours
これが答えになる理由
Older adults have a reduced sense of thirst and easily develop hypernatremia from water loss. Free water is replaced gradually, because lowering sodium too quickly can cause cerebral edema. Hypertonic saline and fluid restriction would make it worse.
答え
B · Gradual replacement of free water over many hours
PEA は、波形だけでなくベッドサイドで確認して判断します。これは試験対策の練習であり、臨床の指針ではありません。
15.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Airway patency and breathing
これが答えになる理由
After anesthesia, the airway can be blocked by the tongue or secretions, and breathing may be depressed. The airway and breathing are checked first, followed by circulation and the wound.
答え
A · Airway patency and breathing
16.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Hemoglobin 6.5 g/dL (65 g/L) in a patient with a GI bleed
これが答えになる理由
A hemoglobin of 6.5 g/dL (65 g/L) in a bleeding patient shows severe anemia and may need urgent transfusion. The other results are mildly abnormal or stable.
答え
D · Hemoglobin 6.5 g/dL (65 g/L) in a patient with a GI bleed