A patient on nasal cannula oxygen breathes mainly through the mouth. What is the most accurate statement?
AThe flow must be increased to 15 L/min to make it work at all
BIt has no effect at all in mouth breathers and must be stopped
CIt can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx
DThe cannula should be placed in the mouth
8.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
The monitor shows a regular broad-complex tachycardia at 180/min. The patient is alert with BP 126/78 mmHg and no chest pain. What is the most appropriate plan?
AStart chest compressions straight away and give a dose of IV adrenaline
BReassure the patient, as this is a normal rhythm
CDeliver an unsynchronised shock immediately, before any other assessment
DRecord a 12-lead ECG, call senior help and anticipate an antiarrhythmic
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 20/min → 0
SpO₂ 90% → 3
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 118 mmHg → 0
HR 82/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 35.8 °C → 1
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 0 + 3 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 4
少なくとも1つのパラメータが3点です。
リスク群
低~中
答え
低~中
単独で3点がある場合は、合計が低くても緊急の診察が必要です。
7.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · It can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx
これが答えになる理由
Studies show that mouth breathing still draws in oxygen from the nasopharynx, so nasal cannulae can work. The effect is judged by the SpO₂, and the device is changed if targets are not reached. Cannulae are never placed in the mouth.
答え
C · It can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx
8.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Record a 12-lead ECG, call senior help and anticipate an antiarrhythmic
これが答えになる理由
A broad-complex tachycardia is treated as ventricular tachycardia until proven otherwise. With a pulse and no adverse features (shock, syncope, chest pain or heart failure), a 12-lead ECG, electrolyte correction and drug treatment such as amiodarone are used, with expert help. Unstable patients need synchronised cardioversion; pulseless VT is defibrillated.
答え
D · Record a 12-lead ECG, call senior help and anticipate an antiarrhythmic