Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
内積
a·b = 3·2 + (−2)·(−3) + 4·2 = 20
大きさ
|a| = √(3² + (−2)² + 4²) = 5.385
|b| = √(2² + (−3)² + 2²) = 4.123
位相角
cos θ = 20/(5.385·4.123) = 0.9008
θ = arccos(0.9008) = 25.74°
答え
θ = 25.74°
2.ベクトル:内積と外積
答え: A = 61.81
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.