Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
内積
a·b = (−4)·4 + (−5)·3 + 6·1 = −25
b の長さ
|b| = √(4² + 3² + 1²) = 5.099
スカラー射影
compb a = a·b/|b| = −25/5.099 = −4.903
答え
compb a = −4.903
負:a には b と逆向きの成分があります。
2.ベクトル:内積と外積
答え: A = 9.695 m²
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.