Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
内積
a·b = (−4)·6 + (−3)·5 + (−5)·3 = −54
大きさ
|a| = √((−4)² + (−3)² + (−5)²) = 7.071
|b| = √(6² + 5² + 3²) = 8.367
位相角
cos θ = −54/(7.071·8.367) = −0.9128
θ = arccos(−0.9128) = 155.9°
答え
θ = 155.9°
2.ベクトル:内積と外積
答え: n̂x = 0.8397
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.