Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
変位
d = B − A = (−3, 4, 3) − (−1, −4, −5) = (−2, 8, 8) m
仕事
W = F·d = (−20)·(−2) + 5·8 + 30·8 = 320 J
答え
W = 320 J
2.ベクトル:内積と外積
答え: n̂x = −0.345
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.