解答つき臨床看護学ワークシート

What is the main purpose of an early warning score such as NEWS2?

1. ATo measure how satisfied the patient is
2. BTo help detect clinical deterioration early and trigger a response
3. CTo decide the patient's diet
4. DTo calculate a patient's medicine doses from their observations

「メレナ（黒色便）」という用語が表すのは？

1. A吐物や痰に混じる鮮紅色の血液
2. B灰白色の粘土色の便
3. C濃い黄色の尿
4. D黒くてタール状の、悪臭のある便

手術後に早くベッドから起きるよう勧めるのはなぜですか？

1. A全身麻酔の鎮静効果を短くするため
2. B血栓や肺の感染のリスクを減らすため
3. C血圧をずっと上げるため
4. D縫わずに創が治るようにするため

WHO の除痛ラダーが勧めているのは？

1. A痛みが強くなるにつれて、非オピオイドから弱オピオイド、さらに強オピオイドへ移ること
2. Bすべての患者で強オピオイドから始めること
3. C痛みが強くなったときだけ鎮痛薬を与えること
4. Dがんの痛みには薬以外の方法だけを使うこと

A patient who injects drugs has a fever, a new heart murmur and small dark lines under the nails. What is the likely diagnosis?

1. AInfective endocarditis
2. BPericarditis
3. CRheumatic fever
4. DMyocardial infarction

A patient with dysphagia after a stroke has been cleared for a modified diet. How should they be positioned for meals?

1. ASemi-reclined at about 20 degrees, with the head supported on pillows
2. BLying flat on their back with the head turned to one side
3. CLying on their side with the knees bent
4. DSitting fully upright, and staying upright for a time after eating

A patient is recognised by the team as being in the last days of life. Which approach is correct?

1. AContinue all routine blood tests and observations four-hourly
2. BReview and stop treatments that no longer help, and focus on comfort
3. CStop all medicines, including pain relief and anti-sickness drugs
4. DAvoid talking with the family about what is happening

An arterial blood gas shows a low PaO₂ with a low or normal PaCO₂. How is this classified?

1. AType 1 respiratory failure
2. BMetabolic acidosis
3. CType 2 respiratory failure
4. DNormal blood gas