解答つき感染管理と患者の安全ワークシート

What is the main difference between an N95 respirator and a surgical mask?

1. AAn N95 filters small airborne particles, while a surgical mask mainly blocks droplets
2. BAn N95 is only worn by patients, and surgical masks only by staff
3. CThere is no real difference, so they can be swapped freely for any type of precautions
4. DA surgical mask filters smaller particles than an N95

Which item is “non-critical” and needs only cleaning and low-level disinfection between patients?

1. AA set of surgical forceps
2. BA flexible gastroscope
3. CA blood pressure cuff
4. DA central venous catheter

A nurse cannot get a good seal with an N95 respirator because of a beard. Which device can be used instead?

1. AA washable cloth face mask worn over the beard
2. BTwo surgical masks worn together
3. CA standard surgical mask
4. DA powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR)

利尿薬を使用している転倒リスクの高い患者が、夜間によく起き上がります。最も有効な対策はどれですか？

1. A昼食後は何も飲まないよう患者に伝える
2. B夜間に効くよう、利尿薬を就寝時に投与する
3. C眠れるように、夜間は部屋を真っ暗にしておく
4. D時間を決めた排泄誘導を行い、ナースコールと歩行補助具を手の届く所に置く

How is a urine specimen for culture obtained from an indwelling catheter?

1. AFrom the sampling port, after cleaning it, using aseptic technique
2. BBy disconnecting the catheter from the drainage tubing
3. CFrom the urine already collected in the drainage bag at the bedside
4. DBy removing the catheter and sending its tip for culture

A child has swallowed a button battery. Why is this urgent?

1. AThe only risk is poisoning from heavy metals years later
2. BIt is only harmful if several batteries are swallowed
3. CIt can burn through the lining of the esophagus within hours
4. DIt always passes through the gut without harm

Why can a patient with severe neutropenia have a serious infection but little redness, swelling or pus?

1. ANeutropenia makes infections stay limited to the skin
2. BAntibiotics given with chemotherapy hide all signs of infection
3. CChemotherapy kills the bacteria before they can multiply
4. DThere are too few neutrophils to produce the usual inflammatory signs

重度の認知症の患者が夜間に一人でベッドから出て、2回転倒しています。最も適切な計画はどれですか？

1. A4本のベッド柵を上げ、静かにするため夜間はドアを閉める
2. Bベッドにとどまらせるため、毎晩鎮静薬を投与する
3. C低いベッド、ベッドアラーム、排泄誘導の巡回、常夜灯、滑り止め付き靴下
4. D夜間は患者を椅子に縛りつける