解答つき検査値と電解質ワークシート

A urine dipstick is positive for leukocyte esterase. What does this show?

1. AProtein is leaking through the glomeruli
2. BWhite blood cells are present in the urine
3. CBilirubin is being passed in the urine
4. DRed blood cells are present in the urine

Serum creatinine comes mainly from:

1. AThe normal breakdown of creatine in muscle
2. BThe breakdown of dietary fat in the liver
3. CThe digestion of protein by gut bacteria
4. DThe breakdown of old red cells in the spleen

A tuberculin skin test (TST) is read as positive. What does this mean?

1. AThe person definitely has active, contagious pulmonary TB
2. BThe person is fully immune and can never develop TB
3. CThe person has been infected with TB bacteria at some point
4. DThe person has never been exposed to TB bacteria

A patient with acute pancreatitis has muscle twitching and numbness around the mouth. Which laboratory value should the nurse check?

1. ASerum chloride
2. BSerum amylase
3. CSerum sodium
4. DSerum calcium

A healthy patient's result is slightly outside the laboratory reference range, and all other results are normal. Which statement best explains why this can happen?

1. AAny result outside the range always means disease is present
2. BRanges cover about 95% of healthy people, so some fall outside
3. CReference ranges include every healthy person without exception
4. DReference ranges are the same in every laboratory worldwide

A patient with hyponatremia from SIADH starts tolvaptan. Why is the serum sodium checked frequently in the first day?

1. AThe drug lowers blood glucose sharply
2. BThe drug causes severe hyperkalemia
3. CThe sodium can rise too quickly
4. DThe sodium always falls further

A woman who is 34 weeks pregnant has high blood pressure, right upper abdominal pain, a platelet count of 70 × 10³/µL, raised ALT and AST, and a raised LDH. Which condition fits best?

1. APhysiologic anemia of pregnancy
2. BGestational diabetes
3. CAcute cholecystitis
4. DHELLP syndrome

A patient on warfarin with an INR of 3.6 fell and hit their head an hour ago. They now report a worsening headache and drowsiness. What is the priority?

1. AEncourage rest in a dark room to settle the pain
2. BReport urgently for imaging and possible reversal
3. CHold warfarin for one dose and observe at home
4. DGive acetaminophen (paracetamol) and recheck the INR tomorrow