解答つき検査値と電解質ワークシート

Why is serum creatinine a better marker of kidney function than BUN?

1. AIt is made by the liver, so it rises in every kind of illness
2. BIt is not filtered by the kidneys, so its level stays very stable
3. CIt is affected mainly by protein intake, which is easy to control
4. DIt is less affected by diet, hydration and bleeding in the gut

Lactate is mainly produced when cells:

1. ABreak down glucose without enough oxygen
2. BBreak down protein in the liver for energy
3. CBreak down fat completely with oxygen
4. DStore glucose as glycogen in the muscles

How does dehydration usually affect the hematocrit?

1. AIt has no effect
2. BIt raises it
3. CIt makes it zero
4. DIt lowers it

A patient with chronic kidney disease has a magnesium of 3.8 mEq/L (1.9 mmol/L). Which product is the most likely cause?

1. AMagnesium-containing laxatives or antacids
2. BLoop diuretics such as furosemide
3. CExcess alcohol use over many years
4. DProton pump inhibitors taken long term

A patient has macrocytic anemia with numbness and tingling of the feet and poor balance. Which deficiency is most likely?

1. AVitamin C (ascorbic acid)
2. BFolate (folic acid)
3. CVitamin B₁₂
4. DIron (low ferritin)

A trauma patient receives 2 L of IV crystalloid. The hemoglobin falls from 13.0 to 11.4 g/dL (130 to 114 g/L), and the vital signs are now stable. Which explanation is most likely?

1. AIncreased red cell production
2. BA laboratory error in the first sample
3. CA sudden failure of the bone marrow
4. DDilution of the blood by the IV fluid

A patient with diabetes had a glucose of 58 mg/dL (3.2 mmol/L), took 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate and, 15 minutes later, the glucose is 64 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L). The patient is alert. What should the nurse do next?

1. AWait until the next meal before giving anything
2. BGive a protein snack only and recheck tomorrow
3. CGive another 15 g of fast carbohydrate and recheck
4. DGive a long-acting insulin dose to stabilize it

A patient has sudden episodes of severe headache, sweating, palpitations and very high blood pressure. Which test is most useful to look for the cause?

1. AFasting lipid profile
2. BPlasma free metanephrines
3. CSerum calcium only
4. DSerum TSH and free T₄