解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

心房細動でワルファリンを服用している患者の、通常のINR目標範囲はどれですか？

1. A4.0～5.0
2. B2.0～3.0
3. C1.0～1.5
4. D0.5～1.0

血圧を最もよく下げる食事の変更はどれですか？

1. A塩分を減らし、果物と野菜を増やす
2. B赤身肉を増やし、パンを減らす
3. C果汁を増やし、水を減らす
4. Dコーヒーを増やし、砂糖入りの炭酸飲料を減らす

喫煙者のCOPDの進行を最も効果的に遅らせる介入はどれですか？

1. A毎日の副腎皮質ステロイドの内服
2. B長期の在宅酸素
3. C長期の抗菌薬の内服
4. D禁煙

A patient who had a stroke has a weak swallow. Which measure most reduces the risk of aspiration pneumonia?

1. ALying flat for 30 minutes after eating to aid digestion
2. BA swallowing assessment and sitting upright for meals
3. CGiving thin fluids quickly through a straw between meals
4. DGiving meals while the patient is drowsy

A patient on nasal cannula oxygen breathes mainly through the mouth. What is the most accurate statement?

1. AIt can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx
2. BThe flow must be increased to 15 L/min to make it work at all
3. CThe cannula should be placed in the mouth
4. DIt has no effect at all in mouth breathers and must be stopped

Why are patients with mitral stenosis at high risk of atrial fibrillation?

1. AThe right ventricle shrinks and stops contracting properly over time
2. BThe left atrium enlarges as it pushes blood through the narrow valve
3. CThe narrow valve presses on the sinus node and slows it down directly
4. DThe coronary arteries become blocked by the valve

A patient had 40 minutes of chest pain at rest. The ECG shows ST depression without ST elevation, and the troponin is rising. What is the diagnosis?

1. AStable angina
2. BAcute pericarditis
3. CNon-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
4. DST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)

A patient with pneumonia has a temperature of 39 °C, pain and a sinus tachycardia of 122/min. BP is normal. What is the best way to manage the heart rate?

1. AGive a beta-blocker to bring the heart rate below 100/min
2. BArrange urgent electrical cardioversion to restore a normal rate
3. CGive IV adenosine
4. DTreat the fever, pain and possible dehydration, then reassess