解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

Which examination findings are typical of a large pleural effusion?

1. ANormal percussion and bronchial breathing
2. BHyper-resonance and a loud wheeze over the affected side
3. CDullness to percussion and reduced breath sounds
4. DCoarse crackles that clear on coughing

How is cardiac output calculated?

1. AStroke volume divided by heart rate
2. BHeart rate multiplied by stroke volume
3. CMean arterial pressure multiplied by heart rate
4. DSystolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

脚の深部静脈血栓症に典型的な所見はどれですか？

1. A両足が冷たく蒼白で、脈拍を触れない
2. B両足首まわりの茶色の皮膚着色
3. C片側のふくらはぎの腫れ、熱感、圧痛
4. D歩くとふくらはぎが痛み、休むと数分で治まる

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day
2. BIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start
3. CIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
4. DIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve

最近脳卒中を起こして嚥下困難のある患者が、発熱と右下葉のラ音を起こしました。最も考えられる原因はどれですか？

1. A急性喘息
2. B左心不全
3. C肺塞栓症
4. D誤嚥性肺炎

錯乱、尿素、呼吸数、血圧、年齢を使う肺炎の重症度スコアはどれですか？

1. ACHA₂DS₂-VASc
2. BCURB-65
3. CNEWS2
4. DWellsスコア

A patient with small-cell lung cancer becomes confused. Sodium is 122 mmol/L (122 mEq/L) with concentrated urine, and there are no signs of dehydration. What is the most likely cause?

1. ACranial diabetes insipidus from brain metastases
2. BExcess salt in the diet over several weeks
3. CSyndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
4. DSevere dehydration from poor oral intake

A patient with heart failure wakes extremely breathless, coughing pink frothy sputum. BP is 168/96 mmHg and SpO₂ 86%. Help has been called. What is the best initial nursing action?

1. AGive a large IV fluid bolus to support the circulation
2. BSit the patient upright with the legs down and give oxygen
3. CEncourage the patient to walk to ease the breathing
4. DLie the patient flat with the legs raised on pillows