解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

What is Kussmaul breathing?

1. ANoisy breathing caused by a blocked upper airway
2. BVery slow, shallow breathing from opioids
3. CDeep, rapid breathing in response to metabolic acidosis
4. DBreathing that alternates between deep breaths and pauses

Which muscle does most of the work of quiet breathing?

1. AThe abdominal muscles
2. BThe sternocleidomastoid
3. CThe diaphragm
4. DThe trapezius

What does "hypovolaemia" mean?

1. AA low level of haemoglobin with a normal blood volume
2. BA reduced volume of blood in the circulation
3. CA high level of fluid in the tissues
4. DA low level of sodium in the blood

Why does a large, rapidly forming pericardial effusion lower the blood pressure?

1. AIt dilates the arteries throughout the body
2. BIt compresses the heart and stops the ventricles filling
3. CIt causes the aortic valve to leak backwards into the ventricle
4. DIt makes the heart muscle contract too strongly and too fast

A patient with heart failure starts dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which teaching is most relevant?

1. AKeep the genital area clean, as fungal infections are more common
2. BAvoid drinking any fluids at all for the first week of treatment
3. CTake an extra dose if the ankles swell
4. DExpect the urine to turn bright orange and stain underwear and clothes

A patient with angle-closure glaucoma needs nebulised ipratropium. What precaution is sensible?

1. ARun it at the highest possible gas flow
2. BMix it with an eye drop before putting it in the nebuliser
3. CGive it only with the patient lying completely flat
4. DUse a mouthpiece or protect the eyes from the mist

A patient with severe chronic kidney disease needs therapeutic anticoagulation for a DVT. Why might unfractionated heparin be chosen instead of a low-molecular-weight heparin?

1. ALMWH cannot be given to anyone over 60
2. BLMWH is cleared by the kidneys and can accumulate
3. CUnfractionated heparin is taken by mouth
4. DUnfractionated heparin has no bleeding risk at all

A nurse finds a patient collapsed in bed and unresponsive. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive two rescue breaths, then check the blood glucose before calling anyone
2. BLeave the patient to fetch a defibrillator before calling anyone
3. CTake a full set of observations, including temperature and blood glucose
4. DShout for help, open the airway and check breathing for up to 10 seconds