解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

心房細動でワルファリンを服用している患者の、通常のINR目標範囲はどれですか？

1. A0.5～1.0
2. B2.0～3.0
3. C1.0～1.5
4. D4.0～5.0

ヘパリンやアピキサバンなどの抗凝固薬の主な役割は何ですか？

1. A既存の血栓を数分で完全に溶かすこと
2. B血小板どうしがくっつくのを止めること
3. C手術や出血の後に血小板数を増やすこと
4. D新しい血栓を予防し、既存の血栓が大きくなるのを止めること

What does a nebuliser do?

1. AIt warms and filters the air entering a tracheostomy tube
2. BIt sucks secretions out of the airway
3. CIt measures the level of oxygen in the blood through the skin
4. DIt turns a liquid medicine into a fine mist to breathe in

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing
2. BBP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal
3. CBP in both arms at the same moment while sitting
4. DBP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor

What is the main difference between CPAP and bilevel NIV (often called BiPAP)?

1. ACPAP is mainly used to lower a raised PaCO₂ in COPD exacerbations
2. BBilevel NIV adds a higher inspiratory pressure, helping remove CO₂
3. CCPAP is given only through a tracheostomy
4. DBilevel NIV gives oxygen only, without any positive airway pressure

Before the first treatment dose of a low-molecular-weight heparin for a PE, what does the nurse need to make sure of?

1. AThe patient has fasted for 12 hours
2. BThe patient's blood glucose is above 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL)
3. CAn accurate, recent body weight is recorded
4. DA chest drain is in place

An older inpatient develops sudden fever, muscle aches and a dry cough during the winter influenza season. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AIsolate only if they develop a rash
2. BWait a week to see whether the symptoms settle before testing
3. CLeave them in the open bay and give a course of antibiotics only
4. DIsolate with droplet precautions, test and expect early antivirals

Minutes after an IV antibiotic is started, a patient has wheeze, swollen lips, a rash and BP 78/44 mmHg. The infusion has been stopped and help called. What is the next priority?

1. AGive a nebulised salbutamol dose only
2. BGive an oral antihistamine tablet and observe for an hour
3. CRestart the infusion at a slower rate
4. DGive intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine)