解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

What is the correct first aid for an adult with a nosebleed?

1. ALie flat on the back with the head turned to one side for an hour
2. BTilt the head back and pinch the bony bridge of the nose firmly
3. CBlow the nose hard to clear the clots
4. DSit forward and pinch the soft part of the nose for 10–15 minutes

成人に標準的な鼻カニューラで酸素を投与する場合の、通常の流量の範囲はどれですか？

1. A20～40 L/分
2. B0.1～0.2 L/分
3. C1～6 L/分
4. D10～15 L/分

Which examination findings are typical of a large pleural effusion?

1. ANormal percussion and bronchial breathing
2. BDullness to percussion and reduced breath sounds
3. CCoarse crackles that clear on coughing
4. DHyper-resonance and a loud wheeze over the affected side

Why is a raised serum lactate concerning in a patient with shock?

1. AIt suggests tissues are short of oxygen and using anaerobic metabolism
2. BIt means the kidneys are working harder than normal to clear fluid
3. CIt shows only that the patient has eaten a large meal in the past hour
4. DIt confirms a bacterial infection is present

A woman with hypertension who takes lisinopril says she is planning a pregnancy. What should the nurse advise?

1. AContinue lisinopril, as it is the safest blood pressure drug in pregnancy
2. BDiscuss switching medicine with the prescriber before trying to conceive
3. CStop all blood pressure treatment straight away without telling anyone
4. DDouble the dose to protect the baby from high blood pressure

Which advice is most helpful for a patient with Raynaud's phenomenon?

1. ATake a decongestant tablet before going outdoors
2. BSoak the hands in cold water to toughen the vessels
3. CKeep the whole body warm, wear gloves and stop smoking
4. DRub the fingers hard with snow during an attack

Why is the cuff pressure of an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube checked regularly?

1. AToo high a pressure damages the trachea; too low allows aspiration
2. BThe cuff pressure directly controls the patient's oxygen saturation
3. CThe cuff pressure sets the ventilator's breathing rate
4. DThe cuff must be kept fully deflated in every ventilated patient

A patient on an unfractionated heparin infusion has a nosebleed that will not stop, and the aPTT is far above the target range. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AStop the infusion, inform the prescriber and anticipate protamine
2. BGive vitamin K and continue the infusion at a slightly lower rate
3. CContinue the infusion at the same rate and pack the nose firmly
4. DIncrease the infusion, as the aPTT will settle