解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

ヘパリンやアピキサバンなどの抗凝固薬の主な役割は何ですか？

1. A新しい血栓を予防し、既存の血栓が大きくなるのを止めること
2. B既存の血栓を数分で完全に溶かすこと
3. C手術や出血の後に血小板数を増やすこと
4. D血小板どうしがくっつくのを止めること

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited cause of which lung disease?

1. APneumothorax
2. BEmphysema
3. CLung cancer
4. DAsthma

What is a "barrel chest"?

1. AA chest that moves inward on breathing in
2. BA curved spine that bends to one side and twists the ribs
3. CA sunken breastbone that has been present since birth
4. DA wider front-to-back chest diameter from air trapping

胸腔ドレーンのチューブを一般にクランプしてはいけないのはなぜですか？

1. Aクランプするとチューブが恒久的に弱って割れるから
2. Bクランプすると胸腔から液体が速く排出されすぎるから
3. C閉じ込められた空気が増えて、緊張性気胸を起こしうるから
4. Dクランプすると水封の水が蒸発するから

Which ECG pattern is typical of acute pericarditis?

1. AST elevation only in leads II, III and aVF with Q waves
2. BTall peaked T waves with a wide QRS
3. CA sawtooth baseline with a regular ventricular rate
4. DWidespread saddle-shaped ST elevation with PR depression

Which investigation is usually used to confirm a deep vein thrombosis in the leg?

1. AA plain chest X-ray and an ECG
2. BA lung function test
3. CAn exercise ECG
4. DCompression duplex ultrasound

A patient with severe chronic kidney disease needs therapeutic anticoagulation for a DVT. Why might unfractionated heparin be chosen instead of a low-molecular-weight heparin?

1. AUnfractionated heparin has no bleeding risk at all
2. BUnfractionated heparin is taken by mouth
3. CLMWH cannot be given to anyone over 60
4. DLMWH is cleared by the kidneys and can accumulate

A patient with both COPD and heart disease is more breathless, with bilateral basal crackles, raised JVP, ankle swelling and a markedly raised NT-proBNP. Which problem is most likely driving this episode?

1. AHyperventilation from anxiety
2. BDecompensated heart failure
3. CA primary spontaneous pneumothorax
4. DAn asthma attack