解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

What is the pulse pressure?

1. AThe average arterial pressure over one whole cardiac cycle
2. BThe pressure measured in the right atrium at rest
3. CThe difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
4. DThe number of pulse beats counted in one minute

In pericarditis, which structure is inflamed?

1. AThe sac that surrounds the heart
2. BThe coronary arteries
3. CThe inner lining of the heart chambers
4. DThe heart muscle itself

How should glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) sublingual tablets be stored?

1. AIn direct sunlight on the windowsill
2. BIn their original container, away from heat and light
3. CLoose in a pocket or a plastic pill box for easy access
4. DIn the fridge, mixed in one bottle with their other tablets

How do clopidogrel and ticagrelor work?

1. AThey block the platelet ADP (P2Y₁₂) receptor
2. BThey directly inhibit thrombin in the plasma
3. CThey dissolve fibrin in existing clots
4. DThey inhibit the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver

A patient's blood pressure is high in clinic but normal on home readings. Which step best confirms the diagnosis?

1. AA chest X-ray
2. BA single repeat reading in the same clinic visit
3. CStarting two antihypertensive drugs at once at full dose
4. DAmbulatory or structured home blood pressure monitoring

Which skin changes around the ankles are typical of chronic venous insufficiency?

1. ABrown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin
2. BPale, shiny, hairless skin with weak pulses
3. CA sharply defined red patch with fever
4. DA cold, white foot with no pulse

A patient with life-threatening asthma has not responded to repeated nebulised salbutamol (albuterol), ipratropium and steroids. Which drug is commonly given intravenously next?

1. AMagnesium sulfate
2. BMetoprolol
3. CIntravenous furosemide
4. DMorphine

心不全の患者の体重が3日間で2.5 kg増え、両側の肺底部に新たなラ音があり、今は枕4つで眠っています。血圧138/84 mmHg、室内気でSpO₂ 93%です。優先すべきことは何ですか？

1. A患者を座位にし、十分にアセスメントして、体液過剰を報告する
2. B心臓を休ませて負担を減らすため、患者を仰向けに寝かせる
3. C腎臓を守るため、経口の水分を余分に摂るよう勧める
4. D体重を記録し、来週末にもう一度確認する