解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

Where does gas exchange between air and blood take place in the lungs?

1. AIn the alveoli
2. BIn the main bronchi
3. CIn the pleural space
4. DIn the trachea

Which description fits stable angina?

1. AChest pain at rest that lasts longer than an hour and keeps returning
2. BChest pain that appears only after heavy meals
3. CSharp chest pain that worsens with each breath
4. DChest pain on exertion that eases with rest or nitrates

What is the main cause of varicose veins?

1. ANarrowing of the leg arteries by plaque
2. BFaulty valves in the superficial leg veins
3. CInflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin
4. DA clot blocking a deep vein in the calf

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. AThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change
2. BThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting
3. CBoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect
4. DSacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning

Why must intravenous potassium chloride never be given as a rapid push or undiluted?

1. AIt works only when given by mouth
2. BIt immediately lowers the blood glucose to dangerous levels
3. CA sudden high potassium level can cause cardiac arrest
4. DIt turns into solid crystals inside the vein and blocks it

Why is intravenous furosemide given slowly rather than as a rapid push of a large dose?

1. ASlow injection makes the urine output larger
2. BRapid high doses can damage hearing
3. CRapid doses cause severe constipation
4. DRapid doses cause the potassium level to rise

ふくらはぎのDVTが確認され、治療量の抗凝固療法を開始した患者が、安静にしていなければならないのかと尋ねました。最も正確な答えはどれですか？

1. A血栓が完全に溶けるまで歩いてはいけない
2. B歩く前に毎回、脚をマッサージすべきである
3. C少なくとも2週間の厳格な安静が必要である
4. D治療を開始した後は、通常、耐えられる範囲での歩行が勧められる

ビソプロロールとジルチアゼムを服用している患者が、めまいを感じ、心拍数が38/分、血圧が82/50 mmHgです。最も適切な最初の対応はどれですか？

1. A観察値を記録し、4時間後に再確認する
2. B心拍数を上げるため、病棟内を歩かせる
3. C心拍数を安定させるため、両方の薬の次の用量を早めに投与する
4. D緊急の応援を呼び、ABCDEをアセスメントして、心電図モニターを装着する