解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

What causes the first heart sound (S1)?

1. AThe heart muscle stretching in diastole
2. BClosure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
3. CBlood flowing quickly into the atria
4. DClosure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

What is Cheyne–Stokes breathing?

1. ACycles of deeper then shallower breaths followed by a pause
2. BBreathing only through pursed lips
3. CConstant deep, fast breathing that never changes in depth
4. DA harsh, high-pitched sound on breathing in through the throat

Which chest X-ray finding is classic for sarcoidosis?

1. AA visible edge of collapsed lung
2. BA completely white lung on one side
3. CA single round mass in one apex
4. DEnlarged lymph nodes at both lung hila

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
2. BIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve
3. CIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day
4. DIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start

After thrombolysis for a myocardial infarction, which complication is the nurse most concerned to detect?

1. AConstipation from bed rest
2. BA skin rash appearing at the sites of the ECG electrodes
3. CBleeding, including a sudden change in neurological status
4. DA high blood glucose caused by the thrombolytic drug itself

A patient stops ramipril because of a troublesome dry cough. Which drug class is a common alternative?

1. AA loop diuretic such as furosemide
2. BAn angiotensin II receptor blocker such as losartan
3. CA nitrate such as isosorbide mononitrate
4. DA non-selective beta-blocker such as propranolol

During drainage of a large pleural effusion, a patient starts coughing and feels tight in the chest. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop or clamp the drainage and inform the doctor
2. BLie the patient flat until the drainage is complete
3. CSpeed up the drainage to finish quickly
4. DAsk the patient to cough harder to help the flow

After a fall onto the chest, part of a patient's chest wall moves inward when they breathe in and outward when they breathe out. What does this indicate?

1. AA large pleural effusion pressing on the chest wall
2. BA single simple rib fracture with no lung injury
3. CNormal chest movement caused by pain on breathing
4. DA flail chest from ribs broken in more than one place