解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

1. AThe pulmonary arteries
2. BThe pulmonary veins
3. CThe venae cavae
4. DThe coronary sinus

What is the pleura?

1. AThe tiny air sacs at the ends of the airways where gas exchange happens
2. BThe cartilage rings of the trachea
3. CA double membrane lining the lungs and the inner chest wall
4. DThe dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen

What does the term "afterload" describe?

1. AThe time the heart takes to relax after each beat
2. BThe volume of blood returning to the right atrium each minute
3. CThe resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood
4. DThe stretch of the ventricle before it contracts

How do clopidogrel and ticagrelor work?

1. AThey dissolve fibrin in existing clots
2. BThey block the platelet ADP (P2Y₁₂) receptor
3. CThey inhibit the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver
4. DThey directly inhibit thrombin in the plasma

How is a patient usually positioned for a thoracentesis?

1. AProne with the arms by the sides
2. BLying on the affected side with the head down
3. CFlat on the back with the legs raised
4. DSitting upright and leaning forward over a table

Why should a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) never be used alone in asthma?

1. AIt works only when it is taken together with a course of antibiotics
2. BWithout an inhaled steroid, it is linked with severe and fatal attacks
3. CIt always causes immediate severe bronchospasm when used on its own
4. DIt cannot be inhaled without a nebuliser

During CPR on an adult, a nurse notices a colleague compressing at about 140/min and leaning on the chest between compressions. Which correction is most appropriate?

1. APress more gently, to a depth of about 2 cm
2. BSlow to 100–120/min and allow full chest recoil
3. CSpeed up to about 160/min to improve the blood flow
4. DStop compressions until a pulse is felt

After positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is increased on a ventilated patient, the blood pressure falls. What is the most likely reason?

1. AHigher chest pressure reduces venous return to the heart
2. BPEEP lowers the blood oxygen level
3. CPEEP directly weakens the heart muscle and its contraction
4. DPEEP causes immediate blood loss from the alveolar capillaries