解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

1. AIt moves mucus up towards the throat
2. BIt lowers surface tension so the alveoli stay open
3. CIt carries oxygen across the membrane into the blood
4. DIt kills bacteria that reach the alveoli from the air

What should patients starting rifampicin (rifampin) be told about their urine, sweat and tears?

1. AThey may turn black, which means bleeding
2. BThey will become completely colourless
3. CThey may turn green, which means infection
4. DThey may turn orange-red, which is harmless

心筋の障害に最も特異的な血液検査はどれですか？

1. A心筋トロポニン
2. Bクレアチンキナーゼ（総CK）
3. C乳酸脱水素酵素
4. DC反応性蛋白

上室性頻拍の患者に、アデノシンの静注を行う予定です。看護師は何について説明しておくべきですか？

1. A一時的な顔面紅潮や胸部の締めつけ感と、数秒間の心停止
2. B約1週間続く腕の静脈に沿った焼けるような痛み
3. Cその後の数時間にわたる眠気、呂律の回らなさ、錯乱
4. Dその後、数日間続く頭痛

A patient uses a glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) patch for angina. Why is it usually removed for several hours each day?

1. AIt lowers the risk of a high potassium level
2. BA nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance
3. CThe patch works only during the night
4. DThe skin needs a break to absorb a larger dose

患者が咳をしていないときでも、胸腔ドレーンの水封室で泡立ちが続いています。これは何を示唆しますか？

1. A肺が完全に再膨張し、ドレーンを抜去する準備ができている
2. B吸引源の電源が切られている
3. C肺またはドレナージシステムからの空気漏れ
4. Dチューブ内の血栓でドレーンが閉塞している

After six weeks of treatment for tuberculosis, a patient has nausea, dark urine and yellow eyes. What should the nurse do?

1. AWithhold the next doses and report urgently for liver tests
2. BAdvise taking the tablets with an alcoholic drink to settle the stomach
3. CReassure the patient that the urine colour is due to rifampicin
4. DDouble the isoniazid dose to clear the infection faster

A ventilated patient with severe ARDS is to be turned prone. What is the main reason, and the key nursing risk?

1. AIt lowers the blood pressure; the main risk is rebound hypertension
2. BIt improves digestion and gut motility; the main risk is constipation
3. CIt improves oxygenation; risks are pressure injury and tube displacement
4. DIt treats infection; the risk is fever