1.やさしい
Which cardiac arrest rhythms are shockable?
- AAtrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
- BSinus rhythm and sinus tachycardia with a normal pulse
- CVentricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia
- DAsystole and pulseless electrical activity with a slow rate
2.やさしい
ピークフローメーターは何を測定しますか？
- A血液の酸素飽和度
- B人が息を吹き出せる最も速い空気の流量
- C肺が保持できる空気の総量
- D1分間の呼吸回数
3.やさしい
What does the term "preload" describe?
- AThe force of contraction regardless of filling
- BThe resistance the ventricle pumps against
- CThe amount of blood left in the atria after systole
- DThe stretch of the ventricle at the end of filling
4.ふつう
A patient's blood pressure is high in clinic but normal on home readings. Which step best confirms the diagnosis?
- AA single repeat reading in the same clinic visit
- BStarting two antihypertensive drugs at once at full dose
- CAmbulatory or structured home blood pressure monitoring
- DA chest X-ray
5.ふつう
A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?
- AAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed
- BAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place
- CMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month
- DDirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves
6.ふつう
Why must intravenous potassium chloride never be given as a rapid push or undiluted?
- AIt turns into solid crystals inside the vein and blocks it
- BIt works only when given by mouth
- CA sudden high potassium level can cause cardiac arrest
- DIt immediately lowers the blood glucose to dangerous levels
7.むずかしい
An older ex-smoker has a dry cough and worsening breathlessness over a year, finger clubbing and fine "Velcro-like" crackles at both bases at the end of inspiration. Which condition is most likely?
- AIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- BCommunity-acquired pneumonia
- CAn acute asthma attack
- DSpontaneous pneumothorax
8.むずかしい
喘息の患者に、アスピリンの服用後に喘鳴を起こした既往があります。術後の痛みに対してイブプロフェンが処方されました。看護師はどうすべきですか？
- A痛みスコアが8/10を超える場合にだけ投与する
- B投与を保留し、代替薬を依頼する
- C発作時用の吸入薬と同時に投与する
- Dイブプロフェンはアスピリンと関係がないので、投与する
解答
- 1. C · Ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia
- 2. B · 人が息を吹き出せる最も速い空気の流量
- 3. D · The stretch of the ventricle at the end of filling
- 4. C · Ambulatory or structured home blood pressure monitoring
- 5. D · Direct oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves
- 6. C · A sudden high potassium level can cause cardiac arrest
- 7. A · Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- 8. B · 投与を保留し、代替薬を依頼する
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