解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

Which cardiac arrest rhythms are shockable?

1. AAtrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
2. BSinus rhythm and sinus tachycardia with a normal pulse
3. CAsystole and pulseless electrical activity with a slow rate
4. DVentricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia

What is the role of cilia in the airways?

1. AThey contract to narrow the airways and keep out particles of dust
2. BThey exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood
3. CThey make surfactant to keep the small alveoli open
4. DThey move mucus and trapped particles up towards the throat

COPDの患者に口すぼめ呼吸を指導するのはなぜですか？

1. A呼気の間、細い気道を開いたままにするから
2. B日中の咳き込みたい衝動を減らすから
3. C吸気の間、横隔膜を強くするから
4. D吸い込む空気の酸素含有量を増やすから

A patient uses a salbutamol (albuterol) inhaler and a steroid inhaler at the same times each day. Which order is usually taught?

1. ABoth inhalers puffed together in one breath
2. BSteroid first, then salbutamol straight afterwards
3. CThe order makes no difference to either drug
4. DSalbutamol first, then the steroid after a short wait

A patient's ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI) is 0.6. What does this suggest?

1. AStiff, calcified arteries that read falsely high
2. BSignificant peripheral arterial disease
3. CA deep vein thrombosis
4. DNormal leg circulation

A patient choosing between a mechanical and a biological heart valve asks about the main difference. Which answer is accurate?

1. ABiological valves last longer but need lifelong warfarin
2. BMechanical valves last longer but need lifelong anticoagulation
3. CMechanical valves wear out within one year
4. DBoth types need no medicines after surgery

A ventilated patient with severe ARDS is to be turned prone. What is the main reason, and the key nursing risk?

1. AIt improves digestion and gut motility; the main risk is constipation
2. BIt treats infection; the risk is fever
3. CIt improves oxygenation; risks are pressure injury and tube displacement
4. DIt lowers the blood pressure; the main risk is rebound hypertension

A ventilated patient suddenly desaturates to 82%. The cause is not obvious and the ventilator alarms are sounding. What should the nurse do first?

1. AIncrease the sedation and watch the monitor for the next half hour
2. BSilence the alarm and wait for the result of the next routine blood gas
3. CChange the ventilator settings to a higher rate
4. DDisconnect and hand-ventilate with 100% oxygen while calling for help