解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

What causes the first heart sound (S1)?

1. ABlood flowing quickly into the atria
2. BClosure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
3. CThe heart muscle stretching in diastole
4. DClosure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the aorta?

1. AThe right ventricle
2. BThe right atrium
3. CThe left atrium
4. DThe left ventricle

Which examination findings are typical of a large pleural effusion?

1. ADullness to percussion and reduced breath sounds
2. BCoarse crackles that clear on coughing
3. CHyper-resonance and a loud wheeze over the affected side
4. DNormal percussion and bronchial breathing

A young patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy asks why they are told to avoid dehydration. What is the best explanation?

1. ALow blood volume can worsen obstruction of blood leaving the heart
2. BFluids dissolve the extra muscle in the heart wall
3. CDehydration is the cause of the inherited condition
4. DDehydration makes the heart muscle grow thicker within a few hours

A patient on nasal cannula oxygen breathes mainly through the mouth. What is the most accurate statement?

1. AThe cannula should be placed in the mouth
2. BThe flow must be increased to 15 L/min to make it work at all
3. CIt has no effect at all in mouth breathers and must be stopped
4. DIt can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx

A patient uses a salbutamol (albuterol) inhaler and a steroid inhaler at the same times each day. Which order is usually taught?

1. ABoth inhalers puffed together in one breath
2. BThe order makes no difference to either drug
3. CSteroid first, then salbutamol straight afterwards
4. DSalbutamol first, then the steroid after a short wait

A 74-year-old with atrial fibrillation, hypertension and diabetes asks why she needs an anticoagulant when she feels well. Which reply is best?

1. AHer risk of stroke is high, and an anticoagulant lowers it
2. BThe anticoagulant will stop the irregular heartbeat for good
3. CIt is needed only while she has palpitations
4. DIt is given to lower her blood pressure

A patient with severe chronic kidney disease needs therapeutic anticoagulation for a DVT. Why might unfractionated heparin be chosen instead of a low-molecular-weight heparin?

1. ALMWH cannot be given to anyone over 60
2. BUnfractionated heparin has no bleeding risk at all
3. CLMWH is cleared by the kidneys and can accumulate
4. DUnfractionated heparin is taken by mouth