解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

COPDの急性増悪の患者が楽に呼吸できるようにする体位は、通常どれですか？

1. A固いマットレスの上でうつ伏せになる
2. B仰向けに寝て、両脚を枕の上に上げる
3. C座って、腕を支えて前かがみになる
4. D頭を低くして横向きに寝る

How should glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) sublingual tablets be stored?

1. ALoose in a pocket or a plastic pill box for easy access
2. BIn their original container, away from heat and light
3. CIn direct sunlight on the windowsill
4. DIn the fridge, mixed in one bottle with their other tablets

Which muscle does most of the work of quiet breathing?

1. AThe trapezius
2. BThe diaphragm
3. CThe sternocleidomastoid
4. DThe abdominal muscles

A patient choosing between a mechanical and a biological heart valve asks about the main difference. Which answer is accurate?

1. AMechanical valves wear out within one year
2. BMechanical valves last longer but need lifelong anticoagulation
3. CBiological valves last longer but need lifelong warfarin
4. DBoth types need no medicines after surgery

How does digoxin help a patient with atrial fibrillation and heart failure?

1. AIt dissolves clots that have formed in the left atrium
2. BIt slows AV node conduction and increases contractility
3. CIt speeds conduction through the AV node to the ventricles
4. DIt lowers potassium to stabilise the heart

Which investigation is most often used to confirm a pulmonary embolism?

1. ACT pulmonary angiography
2. BAbdominal ultrasound
3. CPeak flow measurement
4. DSputum culture

重症の喘息発作中に、患者のPaCO₂が低値から正常に上がり、患者は疲れ果てた様子です。これは何を意味しますか？

1. A患者が疲弊しており、呼吸不全に至るおそれがある
2. B検体はおそらく静脈血で、無視してよい
3. C発作が治まりつつあり、治療を減らせる
4. D患者が不安のために過換気になっている

Which method best confirms that an endotracheal tube is in the trachea?

1. AA sustained waveform on capnography
2. BMisting inside the tube
3. CThe patient's skin colour improving
4. DThe chest rising on one side only