解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

Which description best fits asthma?

1. AAirway inflammation with variable, reversible airflow obstruction
2. BPermanent destruction of the alveolar walls caused by smoking
3. CScarring of the lung tissue that makes the lungs stiff and small
4. DA bacterial infection of the alveoli

Which symptom should a patient taking a statin report promptly?

1. ASlightly darker morning urine
2. BMild hunger before meals
3. CA brief headache on the first day
4. DUnexplained muscle pain or weakness

How is cardiac output calculated?

1. ASystolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
2. BStroke volume divided by heart rate
3. CHeart rate multiplied by stroke volume
4. DMean arterial pressure multiplied by heart rate

A woman had lymph nodes removed from her left armpit for breast cancer. Which advice helps reduce the risk of lymphoedema?

1. AApply tight jewellery to the left wrist
2. BKeep the left arm hanging down and as still as possible all day
3. CAvoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible
4. DUse only the left arm for heavy lifting to build up its muscles

アピキサバンやリバーロキサバンなどの直接作用型経口抗凝固薬（DOAC）について正しい記述はどれですか？

1. A定期的なINR検査は不要だが、用量は腎機能に依存する
2. B数週間作用するため、飲み忘れても問題ない
3. Cワルファリンと同様に、毎週のINR検査が必要である
4. DビタミンKを投与すると作用が打ち消される

A woman with hypertension who takes lisinopril says she is planning a pregnancy. What should the nurse advise?

1. AContinue lisinopril, as it is the safest blood pressure drug in pregnancy
2. BStop all blood pressure treatment straight away without telling anyone
3. CDiscuss switching medicine with the prescriber before trying to conceive
4. DDouble the dose to protect the baby from high blood pressure

During drainage of a large pleural effusion, a patient starts coughing and feels tight in the chest. What should the nurse do?

1. ASpeed up the drainage to finish quickly
2. BStop or clamp the drainage and inform the doctor
3. CAsk the patient to cough harder to help the flow
4. DLie the patient flat until the drainage is complete

A nurse receives handover on four patients. Which patient should be seen first?

1. AA patient on day 1 after surgery who is newly restless, RR 30/min, SpO₂ 88% on 4 L/min
2. BA patient with pneumonia on IV antibiotics who now has a temperature of 38.2 °C
3. CA patient with COPD on 1 L/min whose SpO₂ has been 89% and stable throughout the night
4. DA patient with asthma who wants a reliever inhaler before a walk