解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

What is pitting oedema?

1. AA small sore that forms on the shin
2. BSwelling that keeps a dent for a while after firm pressure
3. CRedness of the skin that turns white when it is pressed
4. DSwelling that is hard and does not dent at all when pressed

On spirometry, what does a reduced FEV₁/FVC ratio indicate?

1. ALow haemoglobin
2. BWeak heart muscle
3. CNormal lung function
4. DObstruction to airflow

What is the classic clinical definition of chronic bronchitis?

1. AA cough with sputum most days for 3 months in 2 years running
2. BA dry cough lasting about one week after a common cold
3. CWheeze and chest tightness that occur only during exercise
4. DA single episode of coughing up blood after a chest infection

How does intermittent pneumatic compression help prevent DVT?

1. AIt squeezes the legs in cycles to push venous blood towards the heart
2. BIt warms the legs gently so the blood becomes thinner and flows faster
3. CIt keeps the legs completely still to protect the veins
4. DIt breaks up and dissolves clots that have already formed in the veins

How should a patient breathe in when using a dry powder inhaler?

1. ASeveral times, breathing out into the device between breaths
2. BThrough the nose with the mouthpiece in the mouth
3. CQuickly and deeply, after breathing out away from the device
4. DSlowly and gently over about ten seconds

A patient with heart failure takes furosemide once a day. When is the best time to take it?

1. AAt bedtime, so the effect lasts through the night
2. BWhenever the ankles look swollen, on those days only
3. CJust before the evening meal, with a large drink
4. DIn the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night

After intubation, breath sounds are heard on the right side of the chest but not the left. What is the most likely cause?

1. AThe left lung has completely filled with fluid
2. BThe tube has entered the right main bronchus
3. CThe tube has entered the oesophagus
4. DThe tube cuff has burst during insertion

A frightened young woman is breathing fast and has tingling fingers. Her blood gas shows pH 7.50 and a low PaCO₂. SpO₂ is 99% on air. What does this show?

1. ARespiratory acidosis from hypoventilation
2. BMetabolic acidosis from kidney failure
3. CMetabolic alkalosis from vomiting
4. DRespiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation