解答つき内科外科看護：循環器と呼吸器ワークシート

Where is the apex beat normally felt in an adult?

1. AOver the middle of the breastbone
2. BThe second intercostal space to the right of the sternum
3. CJust below the right nipple
4. DThe fifth intercostal space in the left mid-clavicular line

フロセミドなどのループ利尿薬で、よく低下する電解質はどれですか？

1. A鉄
2. Bカリウム
3. Cリン酸
4. D重炭酸

How is cardiac output calculated?

1. AHeart rate multiplied by stroke volume
2. BSystolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
3. CStroke volume divided by heart rate
4. DMean arterial pressure multiplied by heart rate

How do clopidogrel and ticagrelor work?

1. AThey block the platelet ADP (P2Y₁₂) receptor
2. BThey dissolve fibrin in existing clots
3. CThey inhibit the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver
4. DThey directly inhibit thrombin in the plasma

心筋梗塞の2日後に、患者が突然の息切れ、ラ音、新たな大きな収縮期雑音を起こしました。どの合併症を疑うべきですか？

1. A乳頭筋断裂による急性僧帽弁閉鎖不全
2. B長期臥床による肺塞栓症
3. Cストレスで誘発された安定狭心症の新たな発作
4. D心膜摩擦音を伴う梗塞後心膜炎

左室駆出率の低下した心不全（HFrEF）で、生存を改善する薬剤クラスの組み合わせはどれですか？

1. Aループ利尿薬を最大耐用量で単独使用
2. Bループ利尿薬、ジゴキシン、硝酸薬、カルシウム拮抗薬
3. CNSAID、アスピリン、スタチン、チアジド系利尿薬
4. DACE阻害薬またはARNI、β遮断薬、MRA、SGLT2阻害薬

A patient has new chest pain at rest. The ECG shows ST depression, but serial troponins remain normal. Which diagnosis fits best?

1. AST-elevation myocardial infarction
2. BStable angina
3. CUnstable angina
4. DNon-ST-elevation myocardial infarction

The monitor shows a regular broad-complex tachycardia at 180/min. The patient is alert with BP 126/78 mmHg and no chest pain. What is the most appropriate plan?

1. ARecord a 12-lead ECG, call senior help and anticipate an antiarrhythmic
2. BDeliver an unsynchronised shock immediately, before any other assessment
3. CReassure the patient, as this is a normal rhythm
4. DStart chest compressions straight away and give a dose of IV adrenaline