解答つき内科外科看護：消化器、周術期、がんワークシート

血便（ヘマトケジア）とは何ですか？

1. A黒くタール状で悪臭のある便
2. B直腸から出る新鮮な赤い血液
3. C新鮮な赤い血液の嘔吐
4. D鮮紅色の血痰を咳とともに出すこと

機械的小腸閉塞の初期に典型的な腸音はどれですか？

1. A高調で、金属音のような音
2. B最初から完全に消失した音
3. C小さく正常なゴロゴロという音
4. D胸膜摩擦音

What is the MUST tool used for?

1. AScoring the severity of a burn injury
2. BScreening adults for malnutrition risk
3. CMeasuring pain in confused patients
4. DAssessing the risk of falls

Why are laxatives and enemas avoided when appendicitis is suspected?

1. AThey make the blood tests impossible to read
2. BThey may increase the risk of perforation
3. CThey stop antibiotics from being absorbed
4. DThey always cause the appendix to bleed heavily

Which pain pattern classically suggests a duodenal rather than a gastric ulcer?

1. APain only on deep breathing that eases when sitting forwards
2. BPain straight after eating that is worsened by food
3. CPain 2–3 hours after meals and at night, eased by eating
4. DPain in the right lower abdomen with fever and vomiting

Which presentation fits acute diverticulitis?

1. ACentral chest pain spreading to the left arm
2. BPainless jaundice with a palpable gallbladder
3. CRight upper abdominal pain after fatty meals
4. DLeft lower abdominal pain, fever and a raised CRP

腹部手術後に硬膜外麻酔をしている患者の血圧が82/48 mmHg、脈拍70/分で、足が温かいです。出血は除外されています。最も考えられる原因はどれですか？

1. A硬膜外麻酔による交感神経ブロック
2. B失血による循環血液量減少性ショック
3. C術後の心原性ショック
4. D局所麻酔薬に対するアナフィラキシー

A category (stage) 4 pressure ulcer is now healing and shallower. How should it be documented according to standard guidance?

1. AAs a fully healed ulcer that can be removed from the record
2. BAs a category 1 pressure ulcer now
3. CAs a category 2 pressure ulcer now
4. DAs a healing category 4 pressure ulcer