解答つき薬理学ワークシート

On the WHO analgesic ladder, which drugs form the first step?

1. ANon-opioids such as paracetamol and NSAIDs
2. BWeak opioids such as codeine or tramadol, used on their own
3. CLocal anaesthetic nerve blocks for all patients
4. DStrong opioids such as morphine given intravenously

Venlafaxine belongs to which class of antidepressants?

1. ASelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
2. BTricyclic antidepressants
3. CSerotonin–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
4. DMonoamine oxidase inhibitors

What is a "superinfection" during antibiotic treatment?

1. AA very severe form of the original infection
2. BAn infection that spreads from one patient to another on the ward
3. CA new infection because normal body flora are disturbed
4. DAn infection that is cured by a single antibiotic dose

バンコマイシンの静注は、何による感染症の治療によく使われますか？

1. ACandida albicans
2. BEscherichia coli
3. CPseudomonas aeruginosa
4. DMRSA

Bethanechol may be used for non-obstructive urinary retention. How does it work?

1. AIt increases urine production in the kidney
2. BIt shrinks the prostate gland
3. CIt stimulates muscarinic receptors and contracts the bladder muscle
4. DIt blocks muscarinic receptors and relaxes the bladder wall muscle

A patient with diabetes is sweaty and shaky. Blood glucose is 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). The patient is awake and can swallow. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive intramuscular glucagon at once
2. BGive the next scheduled dose of insulin
3. CGive a large meal high in fat and protein to keep glucose up for longer
4. DGive 15–20 g of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as juice

A patient with myasthenia gravis took extra pyridostigmine doses. She now has increasing weakness, heavy salivation, sweating, small pupils and diarrhoea. What is the most likely cause?

1. AMyasthenic crisis from too little anticholinesterase drug
2. BA stroke unrelated to the medication
3. CAn allergic reaction to pyridostigmine
4. DCholinergic crisis from too much anticholinesterase drug

A patient who used cocaine has chest pain, agitation, a high temperature, sweating, tachycardia and dilated pupils. Which drug class is commonly first-line for the agitation and sympathetic overactivity?

1. ABenzodiazepines
2. BAntihistamines
3. CAnticholinergic drugs
4. DOpioid antagonists