解答つき薬理学ワークシート

プラセボとは何ですか？

1. A試験で副作用を減らすために、通常の半分の用量で投与される薬
2. Bプラセボ群でだけ効く薬
3. C有効成分を含まないが、期待によって効果を生むことがある治療
4. Dまだ承認されていない新薬

What is the purpose of the Z-track technique for intramuscular injections?

1. ATo make the injection faster
2. BTo allow a larger volume to be given than with a standard injection
3. CTo avoid the need to clean the skin
4. DTo stop the drug leaking back into the subcutaneous tissue

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used mainly to:

1. APrevent blood clots
2. BReduce raised intracranial pressure
3. CTreat high blood pressure long term
4. DRaise serum potassium

Methylergometrine (methylergonovine) is prescribed for postpartum bleeding. Which finding would make the nurse withhold it and check with the prescriber?

1. AHeart rate of 88 per minute
2. BTemperature of 37.2 °C (99 °F)
3. CBlood pressure of 160/105 mmHg
4. DHaemoglobin slightly below normal

Which group of signs suggests opioid withdrawal?

1. AYawning, runny nose, sweating, dilated pupils and diarrhoea
2. BConstipation, itching and a slow heart rate
3. CPinpoint pupils, slow breathing and drowsiness
4. DDry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision and confusion

Which patient should usually not receive a live vaccine?

1. AA patient with mild seasonal allergies
2. BA healthy adult nurse who works on a children's ward
3. CA healthy 1-year-old child
4. DA patient receiving chemotherapy for leukaemia

A patient receiving cisplatin is given large volumes of IV fluid before and after each dose. What is the main purpose?

1. ATo increase drug absorption from the gut
2. BTo prevent bleeding
3. CTo prevent hair loss
4. DTo reduce kidney damage

Why is vancomycin given by mouth, not intravenously, for Clostridioides difficile infection?

1. AOral vancomycin is not absorbed, so it reaches high levels in the colon
2. BIntravenous vancomycin causes C. difficile infection
3. COral vancomycin is absorbed into the blood better than IV vancomycin
4. DThe oral form is cheaper but has the same effect as IV