解答つき薬理学ワークシート

How does allopurinol prevent gout?

1. AIt increases the kidney excretion of calcium
2. BIt inhibits xanthine oxidase, so less uric acid is made
3. CIt blocks prostaglandins in the inflamed joint
4. DIt dissolves crystals already in the joint within hours

Montelukast, used in asthma, belongs to which drug class?

1. AAntimuscarinic bronchodilators
2. BShort-acting beta-2 agonists
3. CLeukotriene receptor antagonists
4. DInhaled corticosteroids

抗うつ薬のセルトラリンは、シナプスのどの神経伝達物質の濃度を高めますか？

1. Aセロトニン
2. BGABA
3. Cドパミン
4. Dアセチルコリン

When should a patient take a once-daily proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole?

1. AStraight after a large evening meal
2. BAbout 30–60 minutes before the first meal of the day
3. COnly when heartburn is severe
4. DWith a glass of milk at bedtime, when acid output is highest

Which rule applies when giving phenytoin intravenously?

1. AGive it as a rapid push to stop seizures faster
2. BMix it with glucose 5% to prevent low blood sugar
3. CMix or flush it only with normal saline and give it slowly
4. DGive it in the same line as other drugs without flushing

オピオイド中毒に典型的なサインはどれですか？

1. A高い体温
2. Bピンホール状の縮瞳
3. C速く深い呼吸
4. D大きく散大した瞳孔

ある薬の分布容積が非常に大きい（例：成人で 500 L）。これは何を意味しますか？

1. A薬が腎臓から速く排泄される
2. B薬がほぼすべて血漿区画にとどまっている
3. C薬が組織に多く取り込まれている
4. D薬を静脈内投与できない

A patient who used cocaine has chest pain, agitation, a high temperature, sweating, tachycardia and dilated pupils. Which drug class is commonly first-line for the agitation and sympathetic overactivity?

1. AAntihistamines
2. BOpioid antagonists
3. CBenzodiazepines
4. DAnticholinergic drugs