解答つき薬理学ワークシート

Which adverse effect of ethambutol requires vision checks?

1. ACataracts that form within a few days of starting
2. BBleeding in the back of the eye
3. COptic neuritis, with blurred vision and colour blindness
4. DPermanent dilation of the pupils

Where should an adrenaline (epinephrine) auto-injector be given?

1. AInto a vein in the arm
2. BUnder the tongue
3. CInto the outer thigh muscle
4. DInto the abdomen under the skin

肝臓での初回通過代謝を避けられる投与経路はどれですか？

1. A静脈内投与
2. B直腸の高い位置に入れる坐剤
3. C経口液剤
4. D経口錠剤

Which approach is usually recommended to prevent constipation in a patient on regular opioids?

1. AA stimulant laxative such as senna, often with a stool softener
2. BNo laxative until the patient has not opened the bowels for a week
3. CAn antidiarrhoeal drug at night to slow the gut
4. DBulk-forming fibre alone, with fluid intake restricted

経口ステロイドの長期使用でよく知られた副作用はどれですか？

1. A低血圧
2. B体重減少
3. C骨粗鬆症
4. D低血糖

How should the nurse straighten the ear canal to give ear drops to a 2-year-old child?

1. APull the pinna up and back
2. BPush the pinna forward and up
3. CPull the pinna down and back
4. DLeave the ear untouched and drop into the canal

A noradrenaline infusion is running through a peripheral cannula. The skin around the site becomes pale, cold and hard. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop the infusion at that site and follow the extravasation protocol
2. BLeave the infusion running and recheck in 4 hours
3. CIncrease the rate to improve blood flow to the area
4. DApply heat and massage the area, then continue the infusion

A patient on long-term lithium passes large amounts of dilute urine and is always thirsty. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ALithium blocks the kidney's response to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
2. BLithium increases ADH release from the pituitary
3. CLithium causes type 1 diabetes by destroying the pancreatic beta cells
4. DThe patient is drinking too much and lithium is unrelated