1.やさしい
Varenicline helps people stop smoking because it:
- AIs a form of nicotine absorbed slowly through the skin
- BIs a nicotinic partial agonist that reduces craving and reward
- CBlocks dopamine receptors in the brain completely
- DMakes cigarettes taste bitter
2.やさしい
Disulfiram is used in alcohol use disorder because it:
- ACures liver damage caused by alcohol
- BCauses an unpleasant reaction if alcohol is drunk
- CReplaces alcohol at its receptors in the brain
- DRemoves alcohol from the blood faster
3.やさしい
Psyllium (ispaghula husk) is which type of laxative?
- ABulk-forming
- BStool softener
- COsmotic
- DStimulant
4.ふつう
Why is ketorolac given only for a short course?
- AIt quickly loses all its pain-relieving effect because of tolerance
- BIt is a strong opioid that causes addiction
- CGI bleeding and kidney injury become more likely with longer use
- DIt causes respiratory depression after a few days
5.ふつう
Which assessment is most important during IV mannitol therapy?
- APlatelet count and signs of bleeding
- BLiver enzymes and signs of jaundice
- CBlood glucose before meals and signs of hypoglycaemia
- DUrine output, electrolytes and signs of fluid overload
6.ふつう
How is adenosine given for supraventricular tachycardia?
- AAs a tablet under the tongue
- BAs a slow infusion over one hour
- CAs a rapid IV push followed by a fast saline flush
- DAs an intramuscular injection into the outer thigh muscle
7.むずかしい
Why is gentamicin often given once daily instead of in several small doses?
- AIt is absorbed slowly from the muscle over 24 hours
- BIt has a very long half-life of several days
- CIts killing depends on high peak levels, with a post-antibiotic effect
- DIts killing depends only on the time the level stays above the MIC
8.むずかしい
Why is glibenclamide (glyburide) generally avoided in older adults?
- AIt causes high blood glucose in older adults
- BIt causes severe weight loss and muscle wasting in older people
- CIt is long-acting and can cause prolonged, severe hypoglycaemia
- DIt is not absorbed in people over 65
解答
- 1. B · Is a nicotinic partial agonist that reduces craving and reward
- 2. B · Causes an unpleasant reaction if alcohol is drunk
- 3. A · Bulk-forming
- 4. C · GI bleeding and kidney injury become more likely with longer use
- 5. D · Urine output, electrolytes and signs of fluid overload
- 6. C · As a rapid IV push followed by a fast saline flush
- 7. C · Its killing depends on high peak levels, with a post-antibiotic effect
- 8. C · It is long-acting and can cause prolonged, severe hypoglycaemia
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