解答つき薬理学ワークシート

On the WHO analgesic ladder, which drugs form the first step?

1. AWeak opioids such as codeine or tramadol, used on their own
2. BLocal anaesthetic nerve blocks for all patients
3. CStrong opioids such as morphine given intravenously
4. DNon-opioids such as paracetamol and NSAIDs

抗うつ薬のセルトラリンは、シナプスのどの神経伝達物質の濃度を高めますか？

1. AGABA
2. Bアセチルコリン
3. Cセロトニン
4. Dドパミン

Nicotine replacement therapy is used to:

1. AMake cigarettes taste unpleasant
2. BRepair the lung damage caused by years of smoking
3. CBlock nicotine receptors completely
4. DReduce withdrawal and cravings when stopping smoking

During a rapid infusion of vancomycin, a patient develops flushing and a red rash on the face, neck and upper body. What is the most likely cause and action?

1. AAn infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber
2. BAcute kidney failure; stop all IV fluids and antibiotics at once
3. CA normal effect; increase the infusion rate to finish sooner
4. DA sign that the infection is spreading; give a second dose

負荷量（ローディングドーズ）は何のために使いますか？

1. Aアレルギー反応を調べるため
2. B目標の血中濃度にすばやく到達するため
3. C治療開始時の副作用を減らすため
4. D薬の吸収を遅らせるため

Which group of effects would the nurse expect after a dose of an anticholinergic drug such as atropine?

1. AHeavy salivation, slow heart rate and small pupils
2. BDry mouth, faster heart rate and dilated pupils
3. CBronchial secretions, wheeze and tearing of the eyes
4. DDiarrhoea, frequent urination and sweating

During an IV glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) infusion for chest pain, the patient's blood pressure drops to 82/50 mmHg and he feels faint. What is the nurse's first action?

1. ASit the patient fully upright and give paracetamol for the headache
2. BIncrease the infusion rate to improve blood flow to the heart
3. CStop or reduce the infusion as per protocol, lay the patient flat and notify the prescriber
4. DGive a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet and increase the rate to relieve the remaining chest pain

A woman with chronic hypertension who takes lisinopril is now pregnant. What is the key concern?

1. ALisinopril has no known fetal effects and should be continued
2. BACE inhibitors harm fetal kidneys, so a safer drug is used
3. CLisinopril works better in pregnancy, so the dose should be increased
4. DAll antihypertensives must be stopped in pregnancy