解答つき薬理学ワークシート

2 型糖尿病の第一選択薬としてよく使われる経口薬はどれですか？

1. Aインスリン グラルギン
2. Bレボチロキシン
3. Cメトホルミン
4. Dプレドニゾロン

In hepatic encephalopathy, lactulose is given mainly to:

1. ARaise the blood glucose level
2. BStop bleeding from varices
3. CReduce fluid in the abdomen
4. DLower the blood ammonia level

How do local anaesthetics such as lidocaine block pain?

1. AThey activate opioid receptors in the spinal cord
2. BThey block prostaglandin synthesis at the injury site
3. CThey enhance the action of GABA in the brain and spinal cord
4. DThey block voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes

During an infusion of a vesicant chemotherapy drug, the patient reports burning, and the site is swollen. What should the nurse do first?

1. AIncrease the infusion rate to finish quickly
2. BRemove the cannula at once and massage the area firmly
3. CFlush the line with a large volume of saline
4. DStop the infusion, leave the cannula in and follow the protocol

A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-1 blocker. What should the nurse advise about the first dose?

1. ATake it in the morning with a cup of strong coffee to stay alert
2. BTake it at bedtime, because it can cause dizziness and fainting
3. CTake it only if the urine is darker than usual
4. DExpect a short rise in blood pressure after the dose

Which patient should usually not receive a live vaccine?

1. AA patient receiving chemotherapy for leukaemia
2. BA patient with mild seasonal allergies
3. CA healthy adult nurse who works on a children's ward
4. DA healthy 1-year-old child

A patient with epilepsy needs pain relief. Why is tramadol used with caution?

1. AIt causes a sharp rise in blood glucose
2. BIt lowers the seizure threshold
3. CIt always causes respiratory arrest in epilepsy
4. DIt speeds up the metabolism of all antiepileptic drugs

1950 年代末から 1960 年代初めのサリドマイド事件は、どの作用で最もよく知られ、何につながりましたか？

1. A子どもの難聴。動物実験の終了
2. B成人の肝不全。すべての鎮静薬の禁止
3. C赤ちゃんの重い四肢の異常。より厳しい医薬品の試験と規制
4. D高齢者の心筋梗塞。後発医薬品の始まり