解答つき薬理学ワークシート

Where should an adrenaline (epinephrine) auto-injector be given?

1. AInto the abdomen under the skin
2. BInto a vein in the arm
3. CUnder the tongue
4. DInto the outer thigh muscle

Drugs whose names end in "-sartan", such as losartan, belong to which class?

1. AACE inhibitors, which block the converting enzyme
2. BAngiotensin II receptor blockers
3. CAlpha-1 blockers
4. DLoop diuretics

What is enzyme induction?

1. AA drug causes an allergic reaction to enzymes
2. BA drug is converted into an enzyme in the body
3. CA drug speeds up liver enzymes, so other drugs are broken down faster
4. DA drug blocks liver enzymes, so other drugs build up in the blood

Why should NSAIDs be used with caution in some people with asthma?

1. AThey cause mucus plugs by drying the airways
2. BThey can trigger bronchospasm in aspirin-sensitive asthma
3. CThey block the anti-inflammatory effect of inhaled corticosteroids
4. DThey increase the clearance of salbutamol

メトホルミンは主にどのように血糖を下げますか？

1. A腎臓でのブドウ糖の吸収を遮断する
2. B不足したインスリンを補う
3. C肝臓でのブドウ糖産生を減らす
4. D膵臓からのインスリン分泌を刺激する

ヘンレ係蹄の太い上行脚に作用する利尿薬は？

1. Aカリウム保持性利尿薬
2. B浸透圧利尿薬
3. Cフロセミドなどのループ利尿薬
4. Dチアジド系利尿薬

Why is vancomycin given by mouth, not intravenously, for Clostridioides difficile infection?

1. AThe oral form is cheaper but has the same effect as IV
2. BOral vancomycin is not absorbed, so it reaches high levels in the colon
3. CIntravenous vancomycin causes C. difficile infection
4. DOral vancomycin is absorbed into the blood better than IV vancomycin

一次消失の薬で、投与間隔を変えずに投与量を 2 倍にすると：

1. A定常状態に達する時間が半分になる
2. B半減期が 2 倍になる
3. C定常状態の濃度は変わらないが、到達までの時間が半分になる
4. D定常状態の濃度は 2 倍になるが、到達までの時間は変わらない