解答つき薬理学ワークシート

アセトアミノフェン（パラセタモール）の過量服用で主に障害される臓器は？

1. A肺
2. Bまず腎臓、次に心臓
3. C胃の粘膜
4. D肝臓

Lithium is used mainly to treat which condition?

1. ABipolar disorder
2. BGeneralised anxiety disorder
3. CSchizophrenia with no mood symptoms
4. DAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Nitrofurantoin is used mainly to treat:

1. APneumonia
2. BBacterial meningitis in adults and children
3. CBone infections
4. DUncomplicated cystitis (lower urinary infection)

Why is testing for HLA-B*15:02 recommended before carbamazepine in people of some Asian ancestries?

1. AThis gene variant causes carbamazepine to raise blood glucose
2. BThis gene variant makes carbamazepine ineffective
3. CIt greatly raises the risk of Stevens–Johnson syndrome
4. DThis gene variant speeds up the kidney excretion of carbamazepine

ACE 阻害薬はどのように血圧を下げますか？

1. A腎臓でのナトリウム再吸収を増やす
2. B心臓の β1 受容体を遮断する
3. Cアンジオテンシン I からアンジオテンシン II への変換を阻害する
4. D血管平滑筋細胞の L 型カルシウムチャネルを遮断する

患者に重い腎機能障害があります。ある薬は主に未変化体として尿中に排泄されます。通常の調整は？

1. A吸収不良を補うために用量を増やす
2. B肝臓が代わりに働くので変更は不要
3. C静脈内投与ではなく経口で投与する
4. D用量を減らすか、投与間隔を延ばす

During an alteplase infusion for acute ischaemic stroke, the patient develops a sudden severe headache and her level of consciousness falls. What is the nurse's first action?

1. ASlow the infusion to half the rate and recheck in 30 minutes
2. BStop the alteplase infusion and notify the provider urgently
3. CGive a bolus of heparin to prevent a new clot
4. DGive paracetamol for the headache and continue the infusion

A patient taking a GLP-1 receptor agonist such as semaglutide has severe, constant upper abdominal pain spreading to the back, with vomiting. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AConstipation; a laxative will solve the problem
2. BExpected nausea; the patient should take the next dose with food
3. CAcute pancreatitis; the drug is stopped and urgent assessment arranged
4. DHypoglycaemia; the patient should eat sweets and continue as usual