解答つき薬理学ワークシート

薬の「半減期」とは何を意味しますか？

1. A薬が体内にとどまる時間の半分
2. B血漿中濃度が半分に下がるまでの時間
3. C投与量の半分が腸から吸収されるまでの時間
4. D薬が効き始めるまでの時間

Why are corticosteroids such as betamethasone given to a woman at risk of preterm birth?

1. ATo stop contractions completely
2. BTo lower the mother's blood glucose
3. CTo speed up fetal lung maturity
4. DTo prevent infection in the mother

薬の「有効性（エフィカシー）」は何を表しますか？

1. A投与量のうち血漿タンパク質に結合する割合
2. B半分の効果を得るのに必要な用量
3. Cその薬が生み出せる最大の効果
4. D薬が吸収される速さ

Why are benzodiazepines used with great caution in older people?

1. AThey are not absorbed from the gut after age 65
2. BThey cause severe high blood pressure in older people
3. CThey cause permanent hearing loss in older people
4. DThey raise the risk of confusion, falls and fractures

リチウム中毒のリスクを高める要因はどれですか？

1. A塩分の多い食事
2. B脱水
3. C水を多めに飲むこと
4. D食事と一緒に服用すること

A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which adverse effect should the patient report at once?

1. AMild headache on the first day
2. BA brief change in taste
3. CSlight tiredness in the afternoon
4. DAny new skin rash

Why is gentamicin often given once daily instead of in several small doses?

1. AIt is absorbed slowly from the muscle over 24 hours
2. BIts killing depends only on the time the level stays above the MIC
3. CIt has a very long half-life of several days
4. DIts killing depends on high peak levels, with a post-antibiotic effect

A patient on simvastatin is prescribed gemfibrozil. What is the main concern?

1. AA much higher risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis
2. BSevere hypoglycaemia
3. CLoss of all lipid-lowering effect
4. DA sharp rise in LDL cholesterol and triglycerides