解答つき薬理学ワークシート

副作用（有害薬物反応）とは何ですか？

1. A薬の意図した治療効果
2. B過量服用の後にだけ起こる反応
3. C患者が気づく薬のあらゆる効果
4. D通常の用量で薬に起こる、有害で意図しない反応

How do local anaesthetics such as lidocaine block pain?

1. AThey enhance the action of GABA in the brain and spinal cord
2. BThey block voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes
3. CThey activate opioid receptors in the spinal cord
4. DThey block prostaglandin synthesis at the injury site

Drugs whose names end in "-pril", such as lisinopril, belong to which class?

1. ABeta blockers
2. BCalcium channel blockers
3. CAngiotensin II receptor blockers
4. DACE inhibitors

A patient takes theophylline for COPD. Which advice is most important?

1. ATake extra doses when short of breath
2. BDrink plenty of grapefruit juice each morning to improve absorption
3. CLimit coffee, tea and cola, because caffeine adds to the side effects
4. DAvoid potassium-rich foods such as bananas

A patient with a peanut allergy is taught to use an adrenaline auto-injector. Which statement is correct?

1. ACall emergency services after using it, even if symptoms improve
2. BThere is no need to see a doctor if the swelling goes down
3. CUse it only if the antihistamine has not worked after an hour
4. DKeep it at home so it is not lost

エンパグリフロジンなどの SGLT2 阻害薬はどのように血糖を下げますか？

1. A胃の排出を遅くする
2. B尿中へのブドウ糖の排出を増やす
3. Cβ細胞からのインスリン分泌を刺激する
4. D肝臓がより多くのグリコーゲンを蓄えるようにする

A patient took a doxycycline tablet with a sip of water just before lying down. Now swallowing is very painful. What is the most likely cause?

1. AGastric ulcer caused by doxycycline
2. BAn allergic reaction to the tablet coating
3. COral candidiasis from the antibiotic
4. DPill-induced oesophagitis

A patient taking sertraline starts St John's wort for low mood. What is the main concern?

1. AA hypertensive crisis from tyramine
2. BSerotonin syndrome from combined serotonergic effects
3. CBleeding from vitamin K deficiency
4. DSevere low blood pressure from blocked alpha receptors