정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

Which muscle does most of the work of quiet breathing?

1. AThe abdominal muscles
2. BThe diaphragm
3. CThe trapezius
4. DThe sternocleidomastoid

Where in the kidney does furosemide mainly act?

1. AThe renal artery
2. BThe glomerulus
3. CThe loop of Henle
4. DThe collecting duct only

What is the normal PR interval on an adult ECG?

1. A0.12–0.20 seconds
2. B0.02–0.06 seconds
3. C1.0–1.2 seconds
4. D0.40–0.60 seconds

심근경색 이틀 뒤 환자가 갑작스러운 호흡곤란, 수포음, 새로 생긴 큰 수축기 잡음을 보입니다. 의심해야 할 합병증은?

1. A심막 마찰음을 일으키는 경색 후 심낭염
2. B급성 승모판 역류를 동반한 유두근 파열
3. C장기 침상 안정으로 인한 폐색전증
4. D스트레스로 유발된 새로운 안정형 협심증 발작

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. AThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting
2. BThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change
3. CBoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect
4. DSacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning

In heart failure, why does activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system worsen symptoms over time?

1. AIt causes sodium and water retention and vasoconstriction
2. BIt slows the heart rate dangerously
3. CIt lowers the blood pressure to very low levels over time
4. DIt makes the kidneys pass too much dilute urine each day

A nurse finds a patient collapsed in bed and unresponsive. What should the nurse do first?

1. ALeave the patient to fetch a defibrillator before calling anyone
2. BShout for help, open the airway and check breathing for up to 10 seconds
3. CGive two rescue breaths, then check the blood glucose before calling anyone
4. DTake a full set of observations, including temperature and blood glucose

A patient is listed for coronary angiography in the morning. Which pre-procedure result should the nurse report to the team?

1. AA markedly reduced eGFR
2. BA haemoglobin in the normal range
3. CA blood glucose of 5.4 mmol/L (97 mg/dL)
4. DA normal platelet count