정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

다리 심부정맥혈전증에 전형적인 소견은?

1. A양쪽 발이 차고 창백하며 맥박이 없음
2. B걸을 때 종아리 통증이 있고 쉬면 몇 분 안에 가라앉음
3. C한쪽 종아리의 부종, 열감, 압통
4. D양쪽 발목 주변의 갈색 피부 착색

Where in the kidney does furosemide mainly act?

1. AThe loop of Henle
2. BThe renal artery
3. CThe glomerulus
4. DThe collecting duct only

What is an embolus?

1. AA narrowing of an artery caused by a build-up of fatty plaque
2. BA clot that stays fixed in the vessel where it first formed
3. CA clot or other mass that travels in the blood and lodges elsewhere
4. DA bulge in the weakened wall of an artery that may rupture

A woman with hypertension who takes lisinopril says she is planning a pregnancy. What should the nurse advise?

1. ADiscuss switching medicine with the prescriber before trying to conceive
2. BDouble the dose to protect the baby from high blood pressure
3. CStop all blood pressure treatment straight away without telling anyone
4. DContinue lisinopril, as it is the safest blood pressure drug in pregnancy

A young patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy asks why they are told to avoid dehydration. What is the best explanation?

1. ADehydration makes the heart muscle grow thicker within a few hours
2. BLow blood volume can worsen obstruction of blood leaving the heart
3. CDehydration is the cause of the inherited condition
4. DFluids dissolve the extra muscle in the heart wall

Why is a higher level of HDL cholesterol considered protective?

1. AHDL thins the blood in the same way as an anticoagulant
2. BHDL is converted into vitamin D in the walls of the arteries
3. CHDL carries cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver
4. DHDL lowers the blood pressure directly

During CPR on an adult, a nurse notices a colleague compressing at about 140/min and leaning on the chest between compressions. Which correction is most appropriate?

1. ASlow to 100–120/min and allow full chest recoil
2. BStop compressions until a pulse is felt
3. CPress more gently, to a depth of about 2 cm
4. DSpeed up to about 160/min to improve the blood flow

The monitor of a patient with a permanent pacemaker shows pacing spikes, but none of them is followed by a QRS complex. What does this mean?

1. AAtrial fibrillation
2. BFailure to capture
3. CFailure to sense
4. DNormal pacemaker function