정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

What is the pleura?

1. AThe cartilage rings of the trachea
2. BThe dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen
3. CThe tiny air sacs at the ends of the airways where gas exchange happens
4. DA double membrane lining the lungs and the inner chest wall

What does "hypovolaemia" mean?

1. AA high level of fluid in the tissues
2. BA low level of sodium in the blood
3. CA low level of haemoglobin with a normal blood volume
4. DA reduced volume of blood in the circulation

How does montelukast work in asthma?

1. AIt kills bacteria in the bronchi
2. BIt stimulates beta-2 receptors in the airways
3. CIt blocks leukotriene receptors in the airways
4. DIt thins mucus by breaking down DNA

A patient with stable angina is afraid nicotine patches will harm their heart. Which reply is most accurate?

1. ANicotine replacement is much safer than smoking and is recommended
2. BPeople with angina must stop smoking without any help
3. CNicotine replacement only works if smoking continues
4. DNicotine patches are much more harmful to the heart than cigarettes

Which patient is most typical of a primary spontaneous pneumothorax?

1. AAn older woman with long-standing heart failure
2. BA tall, thin young man who smokes
3. CA child with a viral sore throat
4. DA middle-aged woman with high blood pressure

환자가 48시간 넘게 심방세동이 있고 선택적 심장율동전환이 예정되어 있습니다. 그 전에 항응고 치료가 필요한 이유는?

1. A항응고제가 충격의 통증을 줄이기 때문
2. B정상 동율동이 돌아올 때 심방의 혈전이 떨어져 나갈 수 있기 때문
3. C항응고제가 심방세동을 정상 동율동으로 되돌리기 때문
4. D항응고제가 충격에 필요한 전기 에너지를 줄이기 때문

A patient with stable severe COPD has a blood gas showing pH 7.37, a raised PaCO₂ and a raised bicarbonate. How should this be interpreted?

1. AA normal blood gas with no abnormality
2. BChronic respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
3. CRespiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation
4. DAcute respiratory acidosis needing emergency intubation

During drainage of a large pleural effusion, a patient starts coughing and feels tight in the chest. What should the nurse do?

1. ASpeed up the drainage to finish quickly
2. BAsk the patient to cough harder to help the flow
3. CStop or clamp the drainage and inform the doctor
4. DLie the patient flat until the drainage is complete