정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

Which examination findings are typical of a large pleural effusion?

1. ANormal percussion and bronchial breathing
2. BHyper-resonance and a loud wheeze over the affected side
3. CDullness to percussion and reduced breath sounds
4. DCoarse crackles that clear on coughing

How is cardiac output calculated?

1. AStroke volume divided by heart rate
2. BHeart rate multiplied by stroke volume
3. CMean arterial pressure multiplied by heart rate
4. DSystolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

다리 심부정맥혈전증에 전형적인 소견은?

1. A양쪽 발이 차고 창백하며 맥박이 없음
2. B양쪽 발목 주변의 갈색 피부 착색
3. C한쪽 종아리의 부종, 열감, 압통
4. D걸을 때 종아리 통증이 있고 쉬면 몇 분 안에 가라앉음

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day
2. BIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start
3. CIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
4. DIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve

최근 뇌졸중이 있고 삼킴곤란이 있는 환자에게 열과 우하엽 수포음이 생겼습니다. 가장 가능성 높은 원인은?

1. A급성 천식
2. B좌심실부전
3. C폐색전증
4. D흡인성 폐렴

혼돈, 요소, 호흡수, 혈압, 연령을 사용하는 폐렴 중증도 점수는?

1. ACHA₂DS₂-VASc
2. BCURB-65
3. CNEWS2
4. DWells 점수

A patient with small-cell lung cancer becomes confused. Sodium is 122 mmol/L (122 mEq/L) with concentrated urine, and there are no signs of dehydration. What is the most likely cause?

1. ACranial diabetes insipidus from brain metastases
2. BExcess salt in the diet over several weeks
3. CSyndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
4. DSevere dehydration from poor oral intake

A patient with heart failure wakes extremely breathless, coughing pink frothy sputum. BP is 168/96 mmHg and SpO₂ 86%. Help has been called. What is the best initial nursing action?

1. AGive a large IV fluid bolus to support the circulation
2. BSit the patient upright with the legs down and give oxygen
3. CEncourage the patient to walk to ease the breathing
4. DLie the patient flat with the legs raised on pillows