정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

전형적인 흉통 없이 심근경색이 나타날 가능성이 가장 높은 환자군은?

1. A고령자, 여성, 당뇨병 환자
2. B십대와 천식이 있는 사람
3. C젊은 남성과 규칙적으로 운동하는 사람
4. D흡연자와 고콜레스테롤혈증 또는 비만이 있는 사람

Which three signs make up Beck's triad in cardiac tamponade?

1. AHigh blood pressure, a slow pulse and irregular breathing
2. BLow blood pressure, distended neck veins and muffled heart sounds
3. CChest pain, ST elevation and raised troponin
4. DFever, a new heart murmur and splinter haemorrhages under the nails

During cardiac arrest, how is adrenaline (epinephrine) usually given?

1. AIntravenously or by the intraosseous route
2. BBy subcutaneous injection into the abdomen
3. CBy mouth, crushed and given with water
4. DBy inhalation through a nebuliser mask

In heart failure, why does activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system worsen symptoms over time?

1. AIt slows the heart rate dangerously
2. BIt causes sodium and water retention and vasoconstriction
3. CIt makes the kidneys pass too much dilute urine each day
4. DIt lowers the blood pressure to very low levels over time

Why must anti-embolism stockings be measured and fitted correctly?

1. ACorrect fit is needed only to improve the appearance
2. BPoorly fitting stockings can cause pressure damage
3. CTight stockings work better, so the smallest size is always best
4. DLoose stockings make the patient's legs too warm at night

A patient choosing between a mechanical and a biological heart valve asks about the main difference. Which answer is accurate?

1. AMechanical valves last longer but need lifelong anticoagulation
2. BBoth types need no medicines after surgery
3. CMechanical valves wear out within one year
4. DBiological valves last longer but need lifelong warfarin

헤파린 주입 6일째에 혈소판 수가 절반 넘게 떨어졌고 환자의 팔이 새로 부었습니다. 간호사가 예상해야 하는 것은?

1. A모든 헤파린을 중단하고 비헤파린 항응고제를 시작한다
2. B2주 동안 모든 항응고를 중단한다
3. C헤파린을 계속하고 혈소판을 수혈한다
4. D다른 약이므로 저분자량 헤파린으로 바꾼다

During tracheal suctioning, a patient's heart rate drops from 88/min to 48/min. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive a dose of atropine without a prescription
2. BStop suctioning, give oxygen and monitor the patient
3. CContinue suctioning until the airway is completely clear
4. DIncrease the suction pressure to finish faster