정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

What is a pneumothorax?

1. APus collecting in the pleural space
2. BFluid in the alveoli caused by heart failure
3. CInflammation of the lung tissue caused by infection
4. DAir in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse

Which cardiac arrest rhythms are shockable?

1. AAtrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
2. BSinus rhythm and sinus tachycardia with a normal pulse
3. CAsystole and pulseless electrical activity with a slow rate
4. DVentricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia

How is cardiac output calculated?

1. AMean arterial pressure multiplied by heart rate
2. BStroke volume divided by heart rate
3. CHeart rate multiplied by stroke volume
4. DSystolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?

1. AAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place
2. BDirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves
3. CMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month
4. DAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed

After coronary artery bypass surgery through a median sternotomy, which instruction is usually given for the first several weeks?

1. AAvoid walking until the stitches are removed
2. BSleep only on the stomach to protect the wound
3. CLift the arms above the head often to stretch the chest
4. DAvoid heavy lifting and pushing up with the arms

Septic shock belongs to which category of shock?

1. AHypovolaemic shock
2. BCardiogenic shock
3. CObstructive shock
4. DDistributive shock

Four surgical patients need VTE prevention. For which patient is mechanical prophylaxis alone most appropriate?

1. AA patient after an uncomplicated knee replacement
2. BA patient who had a brain haemorrhage two days ago
3. CA patient with cancer having bowel surgery
4. DAn obese patient after hip surgery

An 84-year-old with heart failure becomes breathless with new crackles and a rising blood pressure during a blood transfusion. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ANormal effects of the transfusion
2. BTransfusion-associated circulatory overload
3. CA mild febrile reaction
4. DAn acute haemolytic reaction from wrong blood