정답이 있는 내외과: 심혈관계와 호흡기계 학습지

When is pneumonia classed as hospital-acquired?

1. AOnly when it is caused by a virus
2. BWhen the patient had symptoms before admission
3. CWhen it starts 48 hours or more after admission
4. DWhen it starts within the first hour after admission

와파린 치료를 감시하는 데 쓰는 혈액 검사는?

1. A혈소판 수
2. B활성화 부분 트롬보플라스틴 시간
3. CINR(국제표준화비)
4. D항-Xa 수치

What does the term "apnoea" mean?

1. ACoughing up blood
2. BBreathlessness on lying flat
3. CA breathing rate above normal
4. DA pause or stop in breathing

A patient on nasal cannula oxygen breathes mainly through the mouth. What is the most accurate statement?

1. AThe flow must be increased to 15 L/min to make it work at all
2. BThe cannula should be placed in the mouth
3. CIt can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx
4. DIt has no effect at all in mouth breathers and must be stopped

Which feature of a COPD exacerbation most suggests that antibiotics are needed?

1. AA clear runny nose
2. BAn increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum
3. CA mild sore throat that lasted for one day only
4. DA dry, tickly cough with no sputum at all for a day

How can a patient reduce wound pain when coughing after abdominal surgery?

1. AAvoid coughing completely until all the stitches are removed
2. BLie flat on the back with the legs straight
3. CHold the breath for as long as possible
4. DHold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing

A healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel) reports four observations. Which one needs the nurse's attention first?

1. AA patient with heart failure who is newly confused, with SpO₂ 89%
2. BA patient with COPD whose SpO₂ is 90% on 1 L/min, which is usual for him
3. CA patient after a PCI asking for a cup of tea
4. DA patient with a DVT whose leg is less swollen today

A patient with a confirmed pulmonary embolism has BP 78/50 mmHg despite fluids, and the right ventricle is dilated on echocardiography. Which treatment is most likely?

1. AOral apixaban only, started next week
2. BSystemic thrombolysis
3. CAn inhaled bronchodilator
4. DCompression stockings and bed rest